«We found that insulin signaling can initiate the binding of this transcription factor with PLK - 1 and CENP - A, in
both mouse and human beta cells,» Kulkarni says.
In marked contrast to the widely held notion that the insulin - producing pancreatic beta cell loses function with wear and tear, the researchers now show that
mouse and human beta cells are fully functional at advanced age.
Not exact matches
Beta - amyloid protein is found in the brains of
mice and humans.
In experiments on normal
and MLL cells from
mice and humans, the researchers demonstrated that
beta - catenin is activated in cancer stem cells that prompt leukaemic blood cells to multiply.
A chemical produced in the pancreas that prevented
and even reversed Type 1 diabetes in
mice had the same effect on
human beta cells transplanted into
mice, new research has found.
In addition, harmine treatment tripled the number of
beta cells
and led to better control of blood sugar in three groups of
mice engineered to mimic
human diabetes.
«By identifying the signals that instruct
mouse progenitor cells to become cells that make tubes
and later insulin - producing
beta cells, we can transfer this knowledge to
human stem cells to more robustly make
beta cells, says Professor
and Head of Department Henrik Semb from the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology at the Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences.
UBC Psychiatry Professor Dr. Weihong Song
and Neurology Professor Yan - Jiang Wang at Third Military Medical University in Chongqing attached normal
mice, which don't naturally develop Alzheimer's disease, to
mice modified to carry a mutant
human gene that produces high levels of a protein called amyloid -
beta.
Investigators found that autophagy plays a role in clearing IAPP from pancreatic
beta cells using three experimental models: pancreatic
beta cells, isolated pancreatic islets from
mice that express the
human form of IAPP,
and human islets.
Humans and mice share these chemical processes, so the researchers believe
beta - endorphin may cause addiction in people.
Using
human pancreatic samples
and mouse models, the HSPH researchers — with colleagues from Harvard Medical School, the Broad Institute of Harvard
and MIT,
and the Université Libre de Bruxelles — sought to tease apart the mechanisms of
beta cell failure in T1D.
The work highlights a previously unrecognized molecular pathway that contributes to the malfunction of insulin - producing pancreatic
beta cells in T1D in
human patients
and in
mice,
and shows that a chemical intervention can help
beta cells function properly
and survive.
Indeed, when the researchers engineered connective tissue cells from
mouse and human skin to produce PRDM16
and C / EBP -
beta, they became fully functional brown fat.
TGF -
beta 1 plays an important role in the mechanism of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell activity in both
humans and mice.
Paracrine signalling loops in adult
human and mouse pancreatic islets: netrins modulate
beta cell apoptosis signalling via dependence receptors.
Next, moving from
human tumors to a
mouse model, they unraveled how activated
beta - catenin prevents inflammation
and blocks T cell penetration.
These reagents, prepared against
human light chain - related fibrils, recognize an epitope common to the
beta - pleated structure of AL
and other types of amyloid proteins
and can effect rapid amyloidolysis when administered to
mice injected with
human AL amyloid extracts.
This diversity of age among
beta cells may be responsible at least in part for the striking heterogeneity that has been observed in both
mice and humans.
Chong Wee Liew, Ph.D., lead author
and a postdoctoral researcher in the Kulkarni lab, first examined the expression of the tribbles protein in pancreatic islets (which house
beta cells
and other hormone - producing cells) in both
humans and mice.
He found that expression was elevated only in
beta cells both in
humans with type 2 diabetes
and in
mice that model the disease.
«Increased amyloid
beta production is not seen in
mouse neurons
and could potentially explain some of the discrepancies between
mice and humans regarding drug efficacy.
The markers highlighted the striking diversity of
beta cell aging,
and functional decline, both within
and between islets in both
mouse and human pancreases.
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