Sentences with phrase «mouse and human immune»

«This is primarily because of the difference between the mouse and human immune systems.»

Not exact matches

Hoping to learn something about how the human body defends itself against cancer, he had zeroed in on a complex regiment of lymphocytes called T cells, common to the immune systems in both mouse and man.

In that paper, Weitzmann, Ofotokun, and their colleagues described bone loss similar to that observed in humans following the reconstitution of the T cell population in immune - compromised mice (similar to T - cell expansion following ART).

The study examined specific immune pathways known to be activated during flu infections in both humans and mice, which makes the findings relevant to children.

The research, conducted in human and mouse immune cells, appears online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

An inflammatory protein that triggers a pregnant mouse's immune response to an infection or other disease appears to cause brain injury in her fetus, but not the premature birth that was long believed to be linked with such neurologic damage in both rodents and humans, new Johns Hopkins - led research suggests.

A decade ago, he replicated the entire human leukemia disease process by introducing oncogenes into normal human blood cells, transplanting them into xenografts (special immune - deficient mice that accept human grafts) and watching leukemia develop — a motherlode discovery that has guided leukemia research ever since.

Even the new studies clashed somewhat: Unlike the UCSF study, the German research found no major differences between the overall microbiomes of twins with and without MS. Finally, mouse models of MS are not perfect mimics of the human disease, and mouse immune systems aren't identical to people's.

An unknown component of breast milk appears to kill HIV particles and virus - infected cells, as well as blocking HIV transmission in mice with a human immune system.

Senior author Madhav Dhodapkar, M.D., the Arthur H. and Isabel Bunker Professor of Medicine and Immunobiology, and chief of Hematology, said the study, using tissue and blood samples from humans and mice, shows that chronic stimulation of the immune system by lipids made in the context of inflammation underlies the origins of at least a third of all myeloma cases.

Concerned that the immune systems of clean mice might not be good proxies for the human immune system — no human is brought up in such clean conditions and fed such clean food — they housed lab mice with mice from a pet store.

The authors said that this result suggests that the reason bacterial numbers are so high in these mice, and, by extension, human LAD patients, is not because of a defect in the immune system's surveillance mechanism but because of the inflammation caused by the immune system's abnormal response to normal levels of bacteria in the gums.

The researchers used «humanized mice,» which have had their immune systems replaced with human immune system cells, thymus tissue and bone marrow.

The researchers then introduced the two strains into mice transplanted with a human immune system and watched in real time as HIV spread from one CD4 + helper T cell to another.

And when implants were placed in mice modified to have human immune systems, their bodies didn't reject the material, which persisted for up to 3 months.

2 - D cell - culture and mouse experiments also provided key evidence of the virus's modus operandi; although the rodent brain doesn't harbor the full contingent of human neural stem cells, it has blood vessels and immune - system components that organoids lack.

They found that indeed, they do, and that stimulating these cells led them to kill cells infected with HIV - 1 derived from latently infected cells, both in culture and in mice engineered to have a human immune system.

Researchers developed a new type of cell transplantation to treat mice mimicking a rare lung disease that one day could be used to treat this and other human lung diseases caused by dysfunctional immune cells.

Now, scientists have modified Salmonella bacteria to trigger a particularly powerful immune response against human cancer cells implanted in mice, shrinking the tumors and — for the first time — preventing them from metastasizing.

A single gene appears to play a crucial role in coordinating the immune system and metabolism, and deleting the gene in mice reduces body fat and extends lifespan, according to new research by scientists at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center (USDA HNRCA) on Aging at Tufts University and Yale University School of Medicine.

Human tumor tissue or cell lines can be coengrafted into these mouse models, providing a powerful tool for studying the interactions between human immune cells and human canHuman tumor tissue or cell lines can be coengrafted into these mouse models, providing a powerful tool for studying the interactions between human immune cells and human canhuman immune cells and human canhuman cancers.

The company now has an array of fully human antibodies in its pipeline created with its proprietary VelocImmune mouse, which has been engineered to express human antibody genes while still mounting a robust immune response by making antibodies with fully human variable regions and mouse constant regions.

Discuss how mouse models can be used to study human immune responses against leukemia (using primary or genetically modified leukemia cells) and melanoma

As they develop human clinical trials, Wargo and colleagues also are conducting lab and mouse model research to better understand the mechanisms that connect bacteria and the immune system.

Using a combination of human or specially engineered mouse cells in vitro and in vivo animal models, study senior investigator Judy Lieberman, MD, PhD; study lead investigator Farokh Dotiwala, PhD, with a team lead by the Brazilian parasitologist Ricardo Gazzinelli, DSc, DVM, found that when an immune killer cell, such as a T - cell or natural killer (NK) cell, encounters a cell infected with any of three intracellular parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii or Leishmania major), it releases three proteins that together kill both the parasite and the infected cell:

However, chronic liver inflammation in both mice and humans also led to the accumulation of immunosuppressive lymphocytes, a type of immune cell Karin and Shalapour first described two years ago.

Tests in mice and nonhuman primates had shown TGN1412 to be safe, but when it was injected into humans — in a dose less than 1/500 of what was given to monkeys — it caused a massive release of infection - fighting T cells that overstimulated the patients» immune systems, resulting in multiple organ failure.

Cannon used a special strain of mouse that lacks a functioning immune system and so can be given human immune cells without rejecting them.

A series of biological analyses of the mice with Tim - 1 and immune cells isolated from human donors showed that Ebola virus directly binds to T - cells through Tim - 1 protein binding and causes massive inflammation that thwarts the immune system.

Because mice with intact immune systems are resistant to S. stercoralis infection, the researchers began with an immunocompromised strain of mice, and then exposed some to a synthetic steroid called methylprednisolone (MPA) that is commonly used to treat asthma in humans.

The 1918 virus (r1918) activated many more mouse genes involved in the immune system than a modern human flu virus (Tx91) and two hybrids between a modern virus and the 1918 strain.

Looking across evolutionary time and the genomic landscapes of humans and mice, an international group of researchers has found powerful clues to why certain processes and systems in the mouse — such as the immune system, metabolism and stress response — are so different from those in people.

For example, investigators found that for the mouse immune system, metabolic processes and stress response, the activity of some genes varied between mice and humans, which echoes earlier research.

Walford's new research is based on the fact that in mice and humans, the immune system malfunctions during aging, losing the ability to distinguish between healthy cells and invasive pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

The findings have implications for all aspects of medical and scientific research because laboratory mice underpin studies whose results have a transformative effect on human and animal lives through vaccination and other immune - based therapies.

HIV can not copy itself in mouse cells, so they purchased mice that had deliberately crippled immune systems and then rebuilt them with human stem cells.

What's more, the mice developed symptoms typical of rheumatoid arthritis in humans: Their joints became inflamed and were filled with immune system chemical messengers, such as TNF - α, which make the immune system turn on the body.

A team of postdoctoral and research scientists at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and MRC Cancer Unit has made data sets of human and mouse immune and stromal cells openly accessible on a preview site that provides initial access to data for the Human Cell Atlas initiative, before these have been publihuman and mouse immune and stromal cells openly accessible on a preview site that provides initial access to data for the Human Cell Atlas initiative, before these have been publiHuman Cell Atlas initiative, before these have been published.

The mice they studied are engineered to express human leukocyte antigen, which helps regulate the human immune system, and, in this case, helped the mice produce the powerful T cells again human cancer.

Researchers will begin by studying the immune effects of introducing mouse bacteria, and then go on to study the effects of introducing human strains.

Hypothesis driven approaches to vaccinology can utilise the knowledge gained from mechanistic mouse models and our molecular understanding of intrinsic defects to human cells.5 However, caution is required when extrapolating data from murine models, as there are substantial differences between immune ageing in mice and humans.6 Nevertheless, model systems and ex vivo analyses of molecular alterations in aged human cells have identified multiple changes in the vaccination response with age and the aged immune system in general.

Our technological expertise ranges from the most fundamental approaches to study membrane transport in lymphocytes and dendritic cells (subcellular compartmentalization, intravital microscopy, phagosomal functions), the systematic analysis of gene expression and it regulation (RNAseq, Chip Seq, proteomics) and physiological and pathological immune responses (mouse models for cancer immunity, immunomodulation / vaccination, human clinical studies in cancer).

We chose this model because 1) it more closely recapitulates features of human pancreatic cancer than do s.c. - implanted tumors, 2) it can be used in immunocompetent mice to permit assessment of immune responses, and 3) the cells grow in vivo with predictable kinetics (34).

«Over the past ten years, several research groups, including our own, have shown the importance of certain immune cell subsets in preventing or exacerbating heart disease in mice, but we are just beginning to understand how the metabolism and function of these immune cells change during cardiovascular disease progression in humans,» says Hedrick.

Using studies in both mice and humans, they found that exposure to farm dust increases expression of a protective protein that suppresses the inflammatory immune system by modifying the communication between the lining of the lungs and the immune system.

Despite the differences, mice can still be used to study the immune system and metabolic processes in humans.

A recently published paper showed that mice with colon cancer can be «vaccinated» with human embryonic stem cells and have a significant immune response against the cancer (Li et al., 2009).

For the study, the researchers treated part of a human artery — a few millimeters in diameter — with the siRNA - loaded nanoparticles and transplanted it into the abdominal aorta of an immune - deficient mouse inoculated with human T cells.

While earlier work has reported persistence of HIV in these cells — macrophages — investigators in this work developed a mouse model with an immune system generated from human cells but lacking T cells, which are a primary target of and reservoir for HIV.

In recent years, researchers have developed so - called «senolytic» drugs that wipe out senescent cells in aging mice and mouse models of age - related disease, exploiting the high dependence of these cells on specific biochemical survival pathways.9, 10 In these studies, senolytic drugs have restored exercise capacity9 and formation of new blood and immune precursor cells11 in aging mice to near youthful norms, and prevented or treated mouse models of diseases of aging like osteoarthritis, 12 fibrotic lung disease, 13 hair loss, 14 atherosclerosis, 15,16 and age - related diseases of the heart itself.9 UNITY Biotechnology is leading a growing charge toward the clinic, with human clinical trials expected to begin in 2019.