Sentences with phrase «mouse brain cortex»

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In a University of California, San Diego School of Medicine study published July 13 in the online journal Nature Neuroscience, a research team led by Takaki Komiyama, PhD, assistant professor of neurosciences and neurobiology, reports that in mouse models, the brain significantly changed its visual cortex operation modes by implementing top - down processes during learning.

The mice behaved just like others of their kind, as far as scientists could tell, and they also looked the same — except for the human mini brain that had been implanted into each rodent's own cortex, made visible by a little clear cover replacing part of their skull.

By peering into the eyes of mice and tracking their ocular movements, researchers made an unexpected discovery: the visual cortex — a region of the brain known to process sensory information — plays a key role in promoting the plasticity of innate, spontaneous eye movements.

These two MRI images show details of an adult mouse brain, including the optic nerves, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.

The researchers discovered that in brain regions involved in regulating anxiety — the amygdala and prefrontal cortex — microbe - free mice had an overabundance of some types of microRNA and a shortage of others compared with normal mice.

A new study in mice, published in Cerebral Cortex, identifies increased levels of a specific neurotransmitter as a contributing factor connecting traumatic brain injury (TBI) to post-traumatic epilepsy.

The device uses brain signals generated in the motor cortex to control a computer mouse directly, allowing him to communicate.

He then took slices of each mouse's brain and measured whether it led to an increase in the amount of electricity passing between neurons in the accumbens and the prefrontal cortex.

After three months of feeding, the mice had reductions in Aβ plaques of up to 70 percent in the hippocampus and up to 40 percent in the cortex, whereas mice fed capsules that contained lettuce leaves without CTB - MBP added and mice that were not fed any capsules did not have any reduction in evidence of brain plaques.

The crucial connections dictating a mouse's place in the social hierarchy appear to sit in the part of the brain called the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), responsible for emotion and decision - making.

To test potential brain repair strategies, Berninger and Magdalena Götz of Ludwig - Maximilians University Munich delivered transcription factors into the cerebral cortex of adult mice three days after traumatic injury.

To develop a comprehensive view of astrocyte gene expression, the duo used the technique in four very different areas of the mouse brain: two regions of the cortex and the hypothalamus and cerebellum.

In the current study, researchers found to their surprise that most of the nerve cells in auditory cortex neurons that stimulate brain activity (excitatory) had signaled less (had «weaker» activity) when the mice expected and got a reward.

Reconstructions of neurons from layers L2 / 3 (red) and L5 (blue) of the primary sensory cortex of mice show their structure and relative positions in the brain tissue.

The researchers» map of the mouse cerebral cortex can be compared to data on disease - affected brains, brains in development and genetic information.

Instead, it's the largest map to date of the connections between brain cells — in this case, about 200 from a mouse's visual cortex.

The researchers found that without interferon gamma, signals in a brain region called the prefrontal cortex run rampant, and mice tend to be asocial.

Ultimately, MICrONS aims to map every neuron and synaptic connection within a 1 - cubic - millimeter chunk of tissue from the mouse visual cortex, and use those detailed brain connection maps to design computer architectures able to perform tasks that are easy for a brain but out of reach for artificial intelligence.

Spearheaded by co-lead authors Sinisa Hrvatin, a postdoctoral fellow in the Greenberg lab, Daniel Hochbaum, a postdoctoral fellow in the Sabatini lab and M. Aurel Nagy, an MD - PhD student in the Greenberg lab, the researchers first housed mice in complete darkness to quiet the visual cortex, the area of the brain that controls vision.

Now, scientists at University of Utah Health report they can rejuvenate the plasticity of the mouse brain, specifically in the visual cortex, increasing its ability to change in response to experience.

They found that 65 percent of tubercle cells from 23 anesthetized mice were activated by at least one of five odors — an important finding in its own, because no one knew if tubercle cells could discriminate odors, a process thought to be exclusive to the part of the brain known as the piriform cortex.

The knockout mice also did better on tests of behaviors associated with the brain's prefrontal cortex, the area that regulates complex thinking, emotions, and behavior in humans.

Using novel technologies developed at HMS, the team looked at how a single sensory experience affects gene expression in the brain by analyzing more than 114,000 individual cells in the mouse visual cortex before and after exposure to light.

The basic structure of a mouse brain is mostly analogous to a human brain: They have a hippocampus, we have a hippocampus; they have a prefrontal cortex, we have a prefrontal cortex, albeit one that is much larger.

Researchers led by Nigel Bamford of the University of Washington in Seattle, US, gave mice large doses of methamphetamine, equivalent to those taken by addicts during drug binges, to see how this affected communication between cells in the brain's cortex and those in a region of the brain called the striatum.

Then for HARE5, the most active enhancer in an area of the brain called the cortex, they made minigenes containing either the chimp or human version of the enhancer linked to a «reporter» gene that caused the developing mouse embryo to turn blue wherever the enhancer turned the gene on.

Cross section of the auditory cortex of a mouse brain.

These neurons, located in a region of the brain known as the medial prefrontal cortex (green, left image), become hyperactive in depressed mice (right panel is close - up of left, yellow indicates activation).

Karl Deisseroth, who pioneered optogenetics with Boyden, gave an early demonstration of its power when he flashed a blue light on a mouse's brain — the right motor cortex to be precise — and found that the animal ran in circles, anticlockwise.

In mice and humans alike, the cerebral cortex — the outermost layer of brain tissue associated with high - level functions such as memory and decision - making — starts out as a spherical sheet of tissue made up of only neural stem cells.

In studies of neural development in mice, Stahl found that TRNP1 produces a protein that determines whether neural stem cells self - replicate, leading to a balloonlike expansion of cortical surface area, or whether they differentiate into a plethora of intermediate stem cell types and neurons, thickening the cortex and forming more complex brain structures.

Those mouse pups born after an early infection were likely to have thinner cortexes and have inflammatory cells in the brain, while those born to mothers who had a later infection were much less likely to suffer those effects.

VIDEO: 3D images of different Sst interneurons, or type of nerve cell, in the outer shell, or cerebral cortex, of the mouse brain.

Different Sst interneurons, or type of nerve cell, in the outer shell, or cerebral cortex, of the mouse brain.

In the new study, Ron and first author Emmanuel Darcq, PhD, a former postdoctoral fellow now at McGill University in Canada, found that when mice consumed excessive amounts of alcohol for a prolonged period, there was a marked decrease in the amount of BDNF in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region important for decision making.

An entire mouse brain viewed from above: Neuronal extensions connect the two amygdalas (brightest green spots on both sides of the brain) with the prefrontal cortex (top).

Similar findings were present in the cerebral cortex and other regions of the brain in these animals and also found in several other mouse models of diabetes.

Mice genetically engineered to lack PirB, or treated with an infusion of soluble PirB directly into the brain, also showed an increase in synaptic density and signalling in the visual cortex.

What's more, after dissecting the mice, the researchers found that many branches in the mice's brain cells were missing in the mice's prefrontal cortex.

We were unable to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in the frontal cortex using inflammatory gene expression, as the Grn − / − mice used in this study (∼ 8 months when brains were collected) were not old enough to manifest these changes, which become prominent around 1 year of age (Ahmed et al., 2010; Wils et al., 2012).

Nonhuman primates (NHPs)-- like humans, but unlike mice — have a well - developed prefrontal cortex, a brain region responsible for higher mental functions that shows significant defects in many human neurocognitive conditions.

Compared to alcohol - deprived mice, alcohol - drinking mice had lower overall brain volume and reduced volume in the cerebral cortex (blue) and thalamus (purple).