Mouse fibroblast cells expressing HP1alpha, the human version of heterochromatin protein 1a.
In a study published recently in the journal Carbon, the team grew human and
mouse fibroblast cells (cells involved in wound healing) on flat graphene sheets and on wrinkled ones.
Imagine researchers» excitement, then, when Kyoto University's Shinya Yamanaka reported last year that his group had created embryolike cells directly, without transferring chromosomes, simply by injecting
mouse fibroblast cells with four genes that are active in embryonic cells but not in adult ones.
Not exact matches
The team took small pieces of ear tissue from XXY and XYY
mice, cultured them, and collected connective tissue
cells known as
fibroblasts.
The team also transplanted treated
fibroblasts into the hearts of live
mice, where they developed into cardiomyocytes (
Cell, DOI: 10.1016 / j.
cell.2010.07.002).
Repeated transfection of two expression plasmids, one containing the complementary DNAs (cDNAs) of Oct3 / 4, Sox2, and Klf4 and the other containing the c - Myc cDNA, into
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts resulted in iPS
cells without evidence of plasmid integration, which produced teratomas when transplanted into
mice and contributed to adult chimeras.
Ding's team took
cells called
fibroblasts from the connective tissues of
mouse fetuses and bathed them in a cocktail of the four polyarginine - tagged proteins for 12 hours, then they removed the reprogramming proteins for 36 hours, and repeated this cycle four times over.
Amounts of telomerase RNA increased in immortal
cells derived from primary
mouse fibroblasts.
In a related paper published online today in Nature Biotechnology, Konrad Hochedlinger of the Harvard Stem
Cell Institute in Cambridge and his colleagues compared the gene expression patterns in
mouse iPS
cells derived from white blood
cells, muscle precursor
cells, immune system
cells called B
cells, and
fibroblasts taken from tail tips.
To find out, Deb and his co-authors genetically tagged cardiac
fibroblasts in
mice and watched as they transitioned into bone - forming, osteoblast - like
cells after heart injury.
Mouse fibroblasts, however, had no effect on the cancer
cells.
Skin - producing
cells called
fibroblasts from the tip of an adult
mouse's tail have been reprogrammed to make eggs, Japanese researchers report online October 17 in Nature.
Fibroblasts (red) express endothelial markers (green), making the heart
cells in
mice appear yellow.
To explore this idea, they induced heart attacks in
mice and then studied the
fibroblasts to see if the
cells expressed markers characteristic of endothelial
cells.
As controls,
fibroblasts and secretions from normal lab rats,
mice, and another rodent called the spiny
mouse were powerless to stop the human cancer
cells growing.
In vitro experiments used human colon carcinoma
cells with and without MMP9 and
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts, which are connective tissue
cells that make the extracellular matrix and collagen and play an important role in tissue repair.
The study demonstrates that, when added to the Yamanaka cocktail to reprogram
mouse fibroblasts, the duo TH2A / TH2B increases the efficiency of iPSC
cell generation about twentyfold and the speed of the process two - to threefold.
Expanding from their previous studies with
mice, the researchers first established that under specific conditions, culturing human embryonic stem
cells with
fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) leads to neural differentiation particular to the midbrain / hindbrain region — the location of the cerebellum — within three weeks, and the expression of markers for the cerebellar plate neuroepithelium — the part of the developing nervous system specific for the cerebellum — within five.
This experiment uses quantitative PCR to detect the expression level of POSTN in CD34 + / CD31 − pulmonary
fibroblasts, CD31 + endothelial
cells, and CD45 + immune
cells isolated from lungs of
mice with macrometastases, which is a replication of the experiment reported in Figure 2H.
It has recently been demonstrated that
mouse and human
fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into an embryonic stem
cell - like state by introducing combinations of four transcription factors.
«Induction of Pluripotent Stem
Cells From
Mouse Embryonic and Adult
Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors,» by Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka,
Cell, Aug. 25, 2006.
In his laboratory
mice, Dr. Ding has now used chemical reprogramming to turn
fibroblasts into neural «precursor»
cells with the potential to become new oligodendrocytes.
Yamanaka's group used human adult dermal
fibroblasts and induced them to become iPSCs, appearing and functioning like hESCs, by having them express the same proteins as he used with
mouse cells: Oct - 4, Sox2, Klf4, and c - Myc (Takahashi et al., 2007).
Just this year, another group found that
fibroblast cells (
cells active in connective tissue) taken from
mouse tails could be made into nerve
cells, or neurons.
They made adult fibroblastic
mouse cells become essentially
mouse embryonic stem
cells, in appearance and function, by forcing the
fibroblasts to express four key embryonic stem
cell factors: Oct - 4, Sox2, Klf4, and c - Myc.
We prefer to culture our
cells on
mouse embryo
fibroblasts (MEFs) but occasionally grow the
cells feeder free for particular applications, such as nucleofection, viral transduction or karyotyping.
In
mice, induced pluripotent stem
cells created from
fibroblasts have been reprogrammed to develop into both sperm and egg
cells and have yielded healthy offspring.
Valdivia submitted this image of
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts forming focal adhesions, points of contact of the
cell with the extracellular matrix.
Cell Stem
Cell «Recently three different studies were published demonstrating that
mouse fibroblast (skin)
cells can be directly reprogrammed to behave like embryonic stem
cells.»
When transplanted into
mouse hearts 1 day after the three factors were introduced,
fibroblasts turned into cardiomyocyte - like
cells within the beating heart.
For instance, MEF
cells are usually made of
fibroblasts from the
mouse embryos at embryonic day 13.5 and only
cells at early passages (p2 to p3) are used as feeders for derivation and culture of embryonic stem (ES) and iPS
cells.
Oct4, Sox2, c - Myc, and Klf4 were the four original factors that were capable of converting
mouse and human
fibroblasts into iPs
cells [1], [3], [5], [11], [12].
Citation: Li C, Yu H, Ma Y, Shi G, Jiang J, Gu J, et al. (2009) Germline - Competent
Mouse - Induced Pluripotent Stem
Cell Lines Generated on Human
Fibroblasts without Exogenous Leukemia Inhibitory Factor.
With current methodologies,
mouse embryonic
fibroblast (MEF)
cells have been used as a feeder layer to derive both
mouse and human iPS
cells.
In this study, we develop a reproducible protocol for efficient reprogramming
mouse neural progenitor
cells (NPCs) on human foreskin
fibroblast (HFF)
cells via retroviral transfer of human transcriptional factors OCT4 / SOX2 / KLF4 / C - MYC.
While scientists have successfully reprogrammed different types of
mouse cells (
fibroblasts, liver and intestinal
cells), skin
fibroblasts were the only human
cell type they had ever tried their hands on.
Most prior established iPS
cell lines were derived and maintained on
mouse embryonic
fibroblast (MEF)
cells supplemented with exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).
In
mouse embryo
fibroblasts (MEFs)[2], as well as in the PCa
cell lines [unpublished data], DAXX represses expression of these genes via mechanisms that include its binding to DNA methyl transferases (DNMTases) and hypermethylation of the promoter regions of the corresponding genes [2].
The next step proved even more promising: when we introduced these three genes into the injured hearts of living
mice, we were again able to convert
fibroblasts into new heart
cells, and these
cells helped improve heart function, integrating with the old ones and beating in synchrony with the rest of the heart.
Pluripotent stem
cells can be generated from adult
mouse - tail tip
fibroblasts and adult human
fibroblasts by the retrovirus - mediated transfection of four transcription factors, Oct3 / 4, Sox2, c - Myc, and Klf4.
Shi, Y.; Desponts, C.; Do, J. T.; Hahm, H. S.; Scholer, H. R.; Ding, S. Induction of pluripotent stem
cells from
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts by Oct4 and Klf4 with small - molecule compounds.
(A) The expression patterns of germ
cell marker genes in monkey testis (5 years old),
mouse embryonic
fibroblast (MEF), monkey ES
cells (ES), and developing EBs (days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28) were examined using an RT - PCR analysis.
Cells were cultured on irradiated
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts (MEF) in DMEM / F12 culture medium supplemented with KnockOut serum replacer (20 %), non-essential amino acids (0.1 mM), L - glutamine (1 mM), ß - mercaptoethanol (0.1 mM) and 100 ng / ml zebrafish basic
fibroblast growth factor.
The skin biopsies were washed in Ca / Mg - free Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, http://www.invitrogen.com) and minced into approximately 12 smaller pieces before being seeded onto gelatin - coated 6 - well
cell culture plates (Corning Enterprises, Corning, NY, http://www.corning.com) containing
mouse embryonic
fibroblast (MEF) media consisting of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen) and 100 IU / ml penicillin - streptomycin (Invitrogen), and cultured at 37 °C in a 5 % CO2 incubator.
Briefly, ES colonies were maintained on mitotically inactivated
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts (density of 60,000
cells / cm2) in media consisting of DMEM (Invitrogen cat.
We transduced our SSEA3 - positive and SSEA3 - negative populations with the same retroviral vectors, under identical experimental conditions, and seeded the transduced
cells onto inactivated
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts (MEFs).
In 2012, Dr. Srivastava and his team reported in the journal Nature that
fibroblasts could be reprogrammed into beating heart
cells by injecting just three genes, together known as GMT, into the hearts of live
mice that had been damaged by a heart attack.
Cells were stained in solution using a mixture of GCTM - 2 (
mouse IgM), TG30 (anti-CD9,
mouse IgG2a) and Thy1.2 - PE (to gate out any
mouse embryonic
fibroblasts, BD Bioscience, cat.