Not exact matches
The GED
per kWh for natural gas is 20 to 30 times lower than for oil and
coal, respectively, because its (non-carbon) emissions are so
much lower (Table 5).
In India, for example, the average life expectancy is 301/2 years, compared to 681/2 years in the United States; the average annual income is less than $ 40, compared to $ 1,469 in the U.S. Energy utilized annually
per capita, which is a rough index of living standard, is in some countries equivalent to.02 tons of
coal, compared to 8 tons, or 400 times as
much, in the U.S.. Two thirds of the world usually goes to bed hungry at night.
The scientists estimate that cold technology could cut the energy consumption and cost of CO2 capture by as
much as 30
per cent in one of the «green»
coal - fired power stations that the world is currently sniffing at.
As a result, the ubiquitous barges plying the river no longer need human muscle to beat the flow and can carry more than three times as
much weight — from 3,000 tons
per ship to 10,000 tons of
coal, cars and other goods.
Natural gas, which now supplies 25 percent of the nation's electricity, is the cleanest - burning fossil fuel, producing about half as
much carbon
per watt of power as
coal.
Burning natural gas, for example, produces half as
much carbon dioxide
per unit of energy as burning
coal.
And attaching the Calera process to the nation's more than 600
coal - fired power plants or even steel mills and other industrial sources is even more attractive as burning
coal results in flue gas with as
much as 150,000 parts
per million of CO2.
The «well - to - wire» research showed new natural - gas power plants are responsible for less than half as
much greenhouse gas
per kilowatt hour of electricity generated as existing
coal power plants.
Burney is examining a similar trade - off between sulfur and black carbon in the United States, as
coal - fired electricity plants shift to cleaner natural gas, which emits half as
much CO2 as
coal per unit of electricity.
Countries such as these generate
much of their electricity using
coal, which he says produces about 1,000 tons of CO2 equivalent
per GWh — nearly double the suggested threshold.
Perhaps someone with a better background on geology could explain why there's so
much more methane extracted
per unit of
coal resource in coalbed methane than is vented in regular
coal mining.
It's why China has been retiring
coal plants for decades — at first in favor of ultrahigh efficiency modern supercritical
coal plants that delivered twice as
much power
per unit of pollution produced, and now increasingly solar and wind.
Perhaps someone with a better background on geology could explain why there's so
much more methane extracted
per unit of
coal resource in coalbed methane than is vented in regular
coal mining.
It's like we're all in this train which increases its speed a certain amount
per amount of
coal added, but we don't know exactly how
much; we only have a range.
I was trying to estimate the mining footprints of solar and nuclear, and came up with some very tentative rough estimates that ore input for solar energy might have an energy density (
per unit mass) ~ 5 to 80 times
coal, while nuclear (convential US fuel cycle) may be ~ 20 times
coal — on the solar side, this doesn't include some balance of system components, and on the nuclear side, it only includes the U, but on the solar side, the actual energy density could get
much higher with recycling of the same material into multiple successive generations of solar energy devices, and on the nuclear side, breeder reactors.
The way to decrease emission from oil is to increase miles -
per - gallon standards for light vehicles and eventually to electrify light vehicle transportation while at the same time shifting away from
coal to produce electricity to sources with
much lower emissions (gas, wind, nuclear).
Natural gas is
much more environmentally friendly than
coal, which continues to be the mainstay of electricity production around the world and in the U.K. Gas emits less than half the CO2
per kilowatt hour produced, and it emits
much lower amounts of other pollutants like nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, carbon monoxide, mercury, and particulates.
Next, the wind investor is required to pay the government exactly as
much per kWh generated as the
coal plant would pay for
coal.
How
much cooling water does a nuclear power plant need compared with
coal, geothermal and solar thermal plants (
per MWh)?
The good news in the case of the UK is that it could have been a lot worse: Aberthaw, like all UK
coal power plants, doesn't run that
much because it has to pay a CO2 price of $ 30
per tonne.
There could be as
much as 2,600 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of natural gas available domestically.63 The U.S. currently uses approximately 22 tcf
per year.64 If the shale deposits meet their potential, these finds will certainly help accelerate the retirement of
coal power plants and reduce our dependence on foreign oil and our foreign exchange imbalance.
Per memory (and you are
much closer) most British
coal mines were operating at a loss in 1984, so what they were producing was not economic reserves.
In terms of carbon emissions, new technology
coal is still around 30
per cent higher than LNG but
much lower than conventional
coal powered generation.
China is certainly anxious to clean up its power generation because of the pollution, but it is now clear that the 3
per cent
coal tariff was aimed not so
much at reducing emissions but to try and make Australia agree to free trade agreement concessions — which it should not do.
Because the amount of cooling necessary is
much less
per unit of electricity output in NGCC plants than in
coal or nuclear plants, dry cooling systems are more economical for NGCC plants than for other thermoelectric options.
That is because, as noted above, oil delivers
much more value to society than
coal does
per tonne of CO2.
But the 2 tons of CO2
per ton of
coal will likely cost as
much to handle EACH as the
coal, tripling cost.
Furthermore, from 2009 - 2011, the average cost of
coal (in dollars
per short ton) increased 7.5 percent in the United States,
much faster than the 3.2 percent national average electricity price increase cited by Taylor.
By linking changes in
coal stockpiles to changes in PM2.5 at nearby monitors, we were able to estimate how
much particulate matter is generated
per ton of
coal stored.
Oddly, dedicated biomass operations could end up putting out more Mercury
per kW than
coal, though on a
much smaller scale.
Follow the link to read a World Health Organisation publication that puts the number of deaths from air pollution at seven million
per year;
much of this pollution is due to burning
coal.
If over the course of 40 years the world switched all the
coal power plants over to natural gas, generating half as
much greenhouse gas
per watt - hour of electricity, then the warming would slow — but only by a small fraction.
If we ramp up new industries without reducing other things, we could see a short term increase in fossil fuel consumption and consequent CO2 emissions (relative to BAU), but if that is the start of a larger and permanent reduction of CO2eq emissions, then it's worth it (or in other words,
much better to get 100 kWh
per kg
coal than 3 (or whatever
much smaller number it actually is) kWh
per kg
coal).
The GED
per kWh for natural gas is 20 to 30 times lower than for oil and
coal, respectively, because its (non-carbon) emissions are so
much lower (Table 5).
Natural gas emits about half as
much carbon dioxide
per unit of energy as
coal does.
1
Coal combustion emits almost twice as
much carbon dioxide
per unit of energy as does the combustion of natural gas, whereas the amount from crude oil combustion falls between
coal and natural gas, according to Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1985 - 1990, DOE / EIA -0573 (Washington, DC, September 1993), p. 16.
Checking different sources, this claim is confirmed: 1 kilowatt - hour of electricity generated by fossil fuels indeed emits 10 times as
much CO2 (around 450 grams of CO2
per kWh for gas and 850 for
coal).
China, which burns
much more
coal per dollar of gross domestic product than the United States does, overtook us by that measure around three years ago.
The problem with increasing funding for the deployment of renewable generation is that its low load factor means that
per dollar of investment, it substitutes for
much fewer MWh of subcritical generation than is the case with HELE
coal - fired generation.
For the vast majority of that time period, the commerce and industry of the north (powered to a great extent by hydro power prior to the widespread adoption of
coal as a fossil fuel) produced
much higher GDP
per capita than the agricultural economies of the South, particularly because the infamous «three - fifths compromise» that gave the South Congressional representation based in part upon the number of slaves who lived there (30 % or more of the population of many states) did not apply to capitation taxes.