With so
much ice on land, sea level was 120 metres lower than it is today.
Not exact matches
When it's cold enough to form
ice shelves that extend over the Antarctic
land mass and into the ocean,
much of what drops to the seafloor is sand and gravel that the glacier has picked up
on its slow march from the continent's
ice cap.
During
ice ages, which are mainly driven by rhythmic variations in Earth's orbit and spin that alter sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere, growing
ice caps and glaciers trap so
much frozen water
on land that sea levels can drop a hundred meters or more.
For instance, when the Phoenix spacecraft
landed on Mars in 2008, it kicked up enough dust to reveal water
ice — a surprise to its builders, who hadn't thought that the lander's relatively weak rocket engines could have moved so
much material.
Only 30 percent of respondents answered the sea - level question correctly; Greenland and Antarctic
land ice have
much greater potential to raise sea level than Arctic sea
ice, which is already floating
on the ocean.
«Based
on the UN climate panel's report
on sea level rise, supplemented with an expert elicitation about the melting of the
ice sheets, for example, how fast the
ice on Greenland and Antarctica will melt while considering the regional changes in the gravitational field and
land uplift, we have calculated how
much the sea will rise in Northern Europe,» explains Aslak Grinsted.
Because so
much water was stored
on land as
ice sheets, sea levels were likely 120 meters lower than today, exposing the bottom of what is now the English Channel.
The
land bridge forms during
ice ages, when
much of the water
on the planet becomes part of growing continental glaciers, making the sea level
much lower than it is today,» explained Shapiro.
Again, Monckton must surely know full well that for the last 25 - 30 years satellite temperature measurement of sea and
land surface have replaced terrestrial temperature station measurements in many cases since these give a
much greater coverage (70 % of the surface of the Earth is water... it's difficult to put weather stations
on top of
ice sheets etc.!)
Land - based
ice,
on the other hand, is
much more troublesome.
Influenced as
much by the beloved Hanna - Barbera production as 20th Century Fox's
Ice Age franchise, the latest foray into the
land before time again thrusts a band of mis - matched misfits
on a journey of discovery.
Over the long - term, melting of the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet could yield as
much as 10 to 14 feet of global average sea level rise, with local sea level rise varying considerably depending
on land elevation trends, ocean currents and other factors.
This warm period,
much like the roman and medieval warm periods, will bump against the upper bound, opening the Arctic and creating massive snows that will bump it down again until the
ice volume
on land becomes massive enough to advance and cool us again.
if the seal aren't able to come out
on the
ice, the seals are
much more vulnerable
on land / beaches, the polar bears will not go hungry.
AGW climate scientists seem to ignore that while the earth's surface may be warming, our atmosphere above 10,000 ft. above MSL is a refrigerator that can take water vapor scavenged from the vast oceans
on earth (which are also a formidable heat sink), lift it to cold zones in the atmosphere by convective physical processes, chill it (removing vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) or freeze it, (removing even more vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) drop it
on land and oceans as rain, sleet or snow, moisturizing and cooling the soil, cooling the oceans and building polar
ice caps and even more importantly, increasing the albedo of the earth, with a critical negative feedback determining how
much of the sun's energy is reflected back into space, changing the moment of inertia of the earth by removing water mass from equatorial latitudes and transporting this water vapor mass to the poles, reducing the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and speeding up its spin rate, etc..
The natural variation that has led us out of the Little
Ice Age has a bit of frosting
on the cake by
land use; and, part of that
land use has resulted in a change in vegetation and soil CO2 loss so that we see a rise in CO2 and the CO2 continues to rise without a temperature accompaniment (piano player went to take a leak), as the
land use has all but gobbled up most of the arable
land North of 30N and we are starting to see low till farming and some soil conservation just beginning when the soil will again take up the CO2, and the GMO's will increase yields, then CO2 will start coming down
on its own and we can go to bed listening to Ave Maria to address another global crisis to get the populous all scared begging governments to tell us
much ado about... nothing.
There are plenty of
much clearer ones, from increasing surface temperature (the global warming itself), to melting of
ice on land and sea, to the long - term cooling of the stratosphere, increasing intensity of heavy rain events, etc..
She stated, «With the pack
ice retreating further and further north every year, they tend to be stuck
on land where there's not
much food,» and «many times I have seen horribly thin bears, and those were exclusively females — like this one here» and «Only once I have seen a bear getting a big fat «5,» but several times I have seen dead bears and bears like this one: a mere «1»
on the scale, doomed to death.»
Losing
land ice means sea levels will rise, and if we lose a lot of
ice in Greenland and Antarctica — which we are very
much on track for doing — sea levels could rise several meters.
When the
ice shelf Larsen B collapsed in 2002, the speed at which the
on -
land glaciers connected to it moved to the sea increased by as
much as a factor of eight.
Multiple locations along the U.S. East Coast, however, are slowly sinking because of the retreat of the Laurentide
Ice Sheet, which previously exerted so
much pressure
on land to the north.
Right now,
much of this soot from Asian coal plants
lands on the
ice in the Arctic and Greenland.
Quigley: «Your Honor, the sea level change reveals how
much ice was
on land.
The same can't be said for the
ice sheets over
much of Greenland and all of Antarctica: they sit
on land.
Previous studies, including those used by the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC), tended to underestimate the impact shrinking
ice sheets and other changes to
land had
on how
much heat was radiated back to space as conditions warmed.