The averages for the last 12 months show dry conditions over most regions within a large belt stretching across parts of both Europe and Asia, with below average precipitation and soil
moisture and
much below average relative humidity, starting in south - western Europe and ending
near Japan.
Thawing permafrost is also expected to alter area landscapes and make local ecosystems more susceptible to long - term damage, in part because permafrost degradation can lead to significant changes in local soil temperatures and
moisture levels.14, 20,21 Soils on or
near the banks of thermokarst ponds tend to be
much drier than those on level tundra, owing to higher soil temperatures and drainage.14, 20,21 On the Seward Peninsula, the banks of these ponds host trees (usually spruces) and shrubs that are otherwise usually absent in the characteristically treeless tundra.14, 21