Sentences with phrase «much of this sediment»

When you transfer the brown butter to a new container, try to leave as much of this sediment in the pan as possible.

But engineering of the river to make it better for shipping has caused much of its sediment to flow into deep water.

Not exact matches

That analysis revealed telltale sediment layers over much of the gigantic canyon's basin.

They created a uniform layer of gravel on the bed of the flume and then began running water down it in increasing quantities, measuring how much water was required to initiate sediment motion.

The metals» solubility depends strongly on the amount of oxygen present, so the amount and type of those metals in ancient sedimentary rocks reflect how much oxygen was in the water long ago, when the sediments formed.

Walter mapped likely methane deposits across the region; quantified how much methane, formed when permafrost melts, is bubbling out of current lakes; and compared that with the amount emitted from methane - laden sediments taken from ancient frozen lakes.

But the fossils from the Cerutti Mastodon site (as the site was named in recognition of field paleontologist Richard Cerutti who discovered the site and led the excavation), were found embedded in fine - grained sediments that had been deposited much earlier, during a period long before humans were thought to have arrived on the continent.

The big question is how much damage a quake of that size could do to Bangladesh, which sits atop a layer of sediment about 12 miles thick.

Oxygen from seawater permeated only the upper millimeter or so of sediment, but the researchers noticed something happening much deeper in the mud, more than a centimeter below, as if oxygen were available down there, as well.

Bowen and colleagues report that carbonate or limestone nodules in Wyoming sediment cores show the global warming episode 55.5 million to 55.3 million years ago involved the average annual release of a minimum of 0.9 petagrams (1.98 trillion pounds) of carbon to the atmosphere, and probably much more over shorter periods.

Along with radiocarbon dating on charcoal remains from human - made fires, these analyses yielded a much more precise estimate for the age of sediments surrounding artifacts at various depths.

By looking at how concentrations of chemical elements in the sediment change with depth, the researchers can develop a continuous record of how much surface runoff poured into the lake.

Using detailed, ground - level data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Environmental Protection Agency, Cardenas and Kiel analyzed the waterways for sinuosity (how much they bend and curve); the texture of the materials along the waterways; the time spent in the sediment (known as the hyporheic zone); and the rate at which the water flows through the sediment.

«A mountainous and rocky setting is more characteristic of not as much ground shaking, opposed to abundant sediments... where there's a potential for higher ground shaking,» he said.

And he points out that using layer thickness to measure Milankovitch cycles requires a risky assumption: that the rate of sediment accumulation, which built these layers, did not change much over 32 million years.

On a recent trip to Kathmandu, she documented very little damage to low - story buildings throughout much of the city but identified a pattern of intense shaking experienced at the edges of the basin, on hilltops or in the foothills where sediment meets the mountains.

By analyzing the sediments, scientists can predict how much coral and algae were present on mesophotic reef environment, this new information has important implications from interpreting ancient reef environments found in fossils, where the abundance of diverse habitat forming species can not be analyzed visually.

«At some point there's so much sediment that you exceed the maximum of what waves can do,» Nienhuis says, «and then you become a «bird foot,» or river - dominated delta, because the river is so much stronger.»

Not only is there a much higher diversity of microbes under the seafloor than originally thought, large and active populations exist much deeper in the sediments than was believed, the team reports 21 July in Nature.

Analysis of the sediment and groundwater showed that iron oxide and oxyhydroxide particles in both substances play a key role in regulating how much tungsten is in the groundwater.

The researchers knew how much oxygen should have diffused down into each section of sediment from the seawater, so any «missing» oxygen meant microbes had consumed it.

Much of the countries mineral wealth is still hidden under a thick cover of unconsolidated rock and soil, sediments and igneous rocks.

Hence the continental crust phenomena are accepted as good evidence of earlier ice ages when they are found in layers created much earlier than the time range for which ice cores and ocean sediment cores are available.

So it's not too much of a stretch of the imagination to think that those sediments would still contain microorganisms that essentially don't care if a big column of sea - water, or ice, is above them.»

Stukel and his colleagues examined one such front off the coast of Santa Barbara, California and set sediment traps to measure how much carbon was being transported to the deep ocean in these areas.

So to sum up in simple terms, nearly ten times as much creatine is needed in stipulated quantity of water for sediment or precipitate to form, the more is the likelihood of that creatine nitrate to be more appetizing as compared to creatine monohydrate when consumed.

In «Temporal maps of a non sedimented land # 1,» Rocha Pitta causes desert soil in Argentina to spill over the edge of a cliff, much like sand in an hourglass.

There could be a lot of hydrate in Arctic sediments (it's not real well known how much there is), but there is also lot of carbon as organic matter frozen in the permafrost.

Storey and his fellow researchers propose that the puzzle of the initial PETM warming can be explained by the release of prodigious volumes of carbon - 12 enriched methane as magma associated with the splitting of Greenland from Europe heated and baked carbon - rich sediments that fl oored much of the region prior to the tectonic upheaval.

Has anyone commented that the past claims of «shallow hydrates» would imply the presence about 50x as much methane in the shallow sediments — compared to methane in water or air or sediment not in clathrate form?

CO2 not sole determinant of ocean pH. The pH of the ocean depends not only on atmospheric CO2 content, but also how much time that CO2 has had to spread through the ocean and interact with carbonate sediments, and how much carbonate and silicate rock weathering has occured on land.

Liu, in his studies, believes that the Bermuda high has something to do with the strength of hurricanes and how much sediment they may deposit according to wind strength.

David, I havent been keeping up with all the PETM research, but I do recall that individual plankton recovered from Bass River, New Jersey show a single step CIE. Due to the high sedimentation rate of coastal fluvial systems, Bass River sediments are consistent with a much shorter duration of organic carbon release during the PETM (estimated as less than 500 years).

«Damming and diverting rivers means that much less sediment now reaches many delta areas, while extraction of gas and groundwater also lowers the land.»

The thickness of the sediment layer is a result of temperature, but also how much rain fell during the summer that changed the melt rate of the snow and ice.

Rather, excess CO2 returns toward baseline at a multitude a different rates, with chemical equilibration in the ocean occurring over decades (depending on depth), ocean carbonate buffering through sediment dissolution requiring centuries to millennia, and eventual restoration of carbonate sediment levels by terrestrial weathering occurring over hundreds of thousands of years — a long «tail» that can account for as much as 20 to 40 percent of CO2 excess in the estimates described by David Archer et al in CO2 Atmospheric Lifetimes.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8266500.stm Damming and diverting rivers means that much less sediment now reaches many delta areas, while extraction of gas and groundwater also lowers the land.

Research indicates that the Arctic had substantially less sea ice during this period compared to present Current desert regions of Central Asia were extensively forested due to higher rainfall, and the warm temperate forest belts in China and Japan were extended northwards West African sediments additionally record the «African Humid Period», an interval between 16,000 and 6,000 years ago when Africa was much wetter due to a strengthening of the African monsoon While there do not appear to have been significant temperature changes at most low latitude sites, other climate changes have been reported.

The research, published in July 2013 in the journal Nature, concerns data collected from marine sediments comprising much (5.3 - 3.3 million years ago) of the Pliocene Series (spanning 5.3 - 2.588 million years ago) off the coast of East Antarctica.

It is much like those satellite pictures that show the sediment load of rivers entering the clear dark waters of the deep ocean.

The sediment coring and analysis by Donnelly and his colleagues «is really nice work because it gives us a much longer period perspective on hurricanes,» said Kerry Emanuel, a professor of atmospheric science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.

Scientists can take sediment cores from the bottom of a glacier - fed lake to see how much silt and organic material settled to the lake bottom over time, along with other indicators of a changing climate.

Yet in 2014, the GBRMA approved a permit for a state - owned coal terminal operator to dump as much as 3 million cubic meters of dredged mud and sediment inside the park.

This has never happened before because the sea ice never retreated very much in the summer and the water temperature could not rise above zero because of the ice cover... The permafrost is acting as a cap for a very large amount of methane (CH4), which is sitting in the sediments underneath in the form of methane hydrates.

However, the separation of char from soot has rarely been applied in paleoclimate studies using sediment analysis, much less in investigations of long - term records of paleo - fires.

The ice is 200 meters or 600 feet thick and it is not trivial to drill through that much ice, but it can be done, and the British Antarctic Survey is aboard with a team of experts to do so to get sediment cores from the bottom below the ice:

The carbon loss occurred first through the removal of the original vegetation, which stored much carbon in its leaves, stems and trunks; then through the oxidation of carbon in newly exposed soils; and finally through increased soil erosion, which carried away much of the organic - rich sediment during flooding.

Thirty years ago when much of the research involved deep - sea sediment cores (fossils and chemistry) with millennial - scale intervals, there wasn't much data available to calculate meaningful confidence intervals.

Much of the color likely comes from resuspended sediment dredged up from the sea floor in shallow waters.

Warming bottom waters in deeper parts of the ocean, where surface sediment is much colder than freezing and the hydrate stability zone is relatively thick, would not thaw hydrates near the sediment surface, but downward heat diffusion into the sediment column would thin the stability zone from below, causing basal hydrates to decompose, releasing gaseous methane.