In other words, it's after phase A so it's been funded; there's money being spent selecting instruments for a spacecraft to go out to Europa, the moon of Jupiter with twice as
much seawater as the Earth.
The mission to explore Europa, the moon of Jupiter with twice as
much seawater as Earth, has entered «phase B,» meaning the project now has funding from Congress.
Researchers put a number on how
much seawater the world has, based on new data about the shape of the ocean floor.
Not exact matches
Measurements of oxygen depletion weeks after the spill detected as
much as a 30 percent drop in the Gulf of Mexico
seawater.
Much of the carbon dioxide given off from the burning of fossil fuels goes into the ocean, where it changes the acid balance of
seawater.
Though the
seawater still dissolved the salt layers, it did so
much more slowly than the flow of freshwater.
Oxygen from
seawater permeated only the upper millimeter or so of sediment, but the researchers noticed something happening
much deeper in the mud, more than a centimeter below, as if oxygen were available down there, as well.
As reported in the journal Energy & Environmental Science, Yang and his research team have developed a new catalyst that's able to not only harvest a
much broader spectrum of light than other materials, but also stand up to the harsh conditions found in
seawater.
It's a
much more difficulty task with
seawater; the photocatalysts needed aren't durable enough to handle its biomass and corrosive salt.
The results, published online today in Science, reveal that the inclusions have a
much lighter isotopic signature than does the ocean, suggesting that the composition of
seawater has indeed evolved over time.
Much of the research on ocean acidification to date has focused on the effect changing
seawater chemistry has on the calcium carbonate shells of shellfish.
Previous studies have attributed those undersea channels — which measure between 1 and 2 km wide and extend up into the ice shelf as
much as 400 meters — solely to the melting action of
seawater.
A new study led by The Australian National University (ANU) has found
seawater cycles throughout Earth's interior down to 2,900 km,
much deeper than previously thought, reopening questions about how the atmosphere and oceans formed.
You have this multiplicative effect, and then suddenly you're able to get a reactor, which you're just putting in basically
seawater and kind of getting out on the other side as
much energy as you want to.
The supergroup tree offers the little back - of - the - neck shiver - thrill of realizing that every tomato patch, termite gut or beach bucket of
seawater holds life
much vaster and stranger than imagined.
But scientists say there may be a thousand times as
much uranium lurking in the oceans, dissolved in
seawater.
The researchers knew how
much oxygen should have diffused down into each section of sediment from the
seawater, so any «missing» oxygen meant microbes had consumed it.
If
seawater contains less carbonate ions due to ocean acidification in the future, the swimming snails have to spend too
much energy to build their houses — it remain thin and porous or brittle.
Seawater sulfate is a problem for methane in two ways: Sulfate destroys methane directly, which limits how
much of the gas can escape the oceans and accumulate in the atmosphere.
The studies provide
much - needed information that
seawater samples do not, but also present some issues of their own.
How
much salt is in
seawater?
Much better to just evaporate some
seawater.
Read about ice, steam, snow, drinking water, oceans, water pollution,
seawater, rivers the water cycle and
much more with our huge range of interesting facts about water.
Xel - Ha Park may remind you of Sea World in some ways, but with its unique ecosystem created by a subterranean mix of freshwater and
seawater, most visitors will truly find
much to explore here.
As runoff from melting glaciers increases and warming
seawater expands, sea level could rise as
much as six feet, inundating low - lying coastal areas and islands.
Seawater can assimilate
much more CO2 than fresh water.
The Revelle factor stops the CO2 solution in fresh water
much faster than in
seawater, just because the pH is rapidely going down, pushing carbonate to bicarbonate to free CO2.
Given that
much of the CH4 dissolves in
seawater and doesn't reach the atmosphere, its microbial conversion to CO2 is liable to raise acidification as well as advancing the decline of the oceans» carbon sink.
Seawater is alkaline and can (and does) contain
much more CO2 than fresh water.
The
seawater is
much less well mixed than CO2 in the atmosphere.
It is a moot question whether, in a more tranquil world, governments would have spent so
much to learn about
seawater and air around the globe.
Seawater is more complicated, not expanding
much below about 5 °C but with the salt content becoming very important in determining whether water floats or sinks.
In the case of Oyster Creek the water source is Barnegat Bay
seawater, and the plant has been blamed for depletion of
much of the marine life of the bay.
While a range of factors can contribute to warmer
seawater, both the frequency and severity of these bleaching events is expected to increase in line with global temperatures, as the ocean absorbs
much of the extra heat.
But the Greenland ice sheet temperature record shows a similar trend over the glacial - interglacial transition, be it with
much larger swings, as that mainly reflects the North Atlantic
seawater temperature: http://www.climatedata.info/Proxy/Proxy/icecores.html That means that the CO2 - temperature ratio is probably less than 15 ppmv / °C.
We also know that the heat capacity of
seawater is so
much greater than that of air that the top three meters of global ocean have the same capacity as the entire planetary atmosphere, and that the «mixing layer» being discussed is at least thirty times that depth.
«The process of making lime generates CO2, but adding the lime to
seawater absorbs almost twice as
much CO2.
what seems to have missed at fukushima was a generic backup solution... like air - movable diesel, external cooling machines, external commando teams, robots teams... what helped was that they could tink the cooling with
seawater... Thus I'm a bit concerned about sodium cooling, even if modern reactors (like EPR) are
much more autonomous and simple in case of trouble... every repair should be possible with matches and knifes.
We propose here a new paradigm of anthropogenic impacts on
seawater pH. This new paradigm provides a canonical approach towards integrating the multiple components of anthropogenic forcing that lead to changes in coastal pH. We believe that this paradigm, whilst accommodating that of OA by anthropogenic CO2, avoids the limitations the current OA paradigm faces to account for the dynamics of coastal ecosystems, where some ecosystems are not showing any acidification or basification trend whilst others show a
much steeper acidification than expected for reasons entirely different from anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
So,
seawater used to be
much more acidic?
Projections of (say)
seawater levels or mean temperatures a century hence without so
much as a standard deviation analysis are junk science.
Assuming that the largest remaining ice shelves in East Antarctica — Filchner - Ronne and Ross — will remain intact, sea level rise from all other melting ice and the expansion of
seawater as the weather gets warmer over the next century would be somewhere between 2.6 feet (0.8 meter) and six feet (two meters)-- or nearly twice as
much as projected last year by the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
I know, carbonate levels in
seawater probably were
much higher too, but is remains to be seen in how far the theory describes reality...