Hm, what if there were no liquid water, how
much water vapor would there be if the whole planet stayed below freezing (not just on average but at every point)?
However, it is pretty much impossible, because it is equivalent to the latent heat released when so
much water vapor gets condensed, that it would raise global sea level by 37 mm, a swing almost an order of magnitude larger than observed in annual sea level changes.
The lapse rate is essentially the dry adiabatic lapse rate, because the cold atmosphere can not carry
much water vapor.
Or put another way, if there is so
much water vapor around (3 % vs only 390ppm for CO2), and more GHGs means more warming, why does the GHE stop at 33C instead of continuing until all the water vapor absorbs a photon OR asked another way, who says that all the water vapor caused by the added CO2 will absorb a photon to cause more GHE warming?
Temperature greatly influences how
much water vapor air can hold, he explained, and «there are multiple indications that moisture falls in more extreme events as the planet warms.
The amount of rain that can fall from the skies is tied to how
much water vapor is stored in the atmosphere.
Cold air can not hold as
much water vapor as warm air.
There's relatively
much water vapor in the tropics, much less in deserts, and orders of magnitude less at the poles in winter.
Water that is 25 °C (77 °F) evaporates about twice as
much water vapor as water that is 15 °C (59 °F).
They conclude properly that the column with moist lapse rate can not sustain as
much water vapor as the isothermal static column.
But even if it doesn't increase at all (the more likely situation), that won't stop the heating effect of increasing CO2, even if there's a thousand times as
much water vapor as CO2.
The tropics are not warming as much because they have too
much water vapor for CO2 to work properly.
And the simple equations for how
much water vapor is in the atmosphere as a function of temperature would be several percent, but, in addition, the distribution of the storms that release the moisture is changing.
Winters are dryer because the air can't hold as
much water vapor and if it's freezing snow doesn't evaporate very well at all.
But even if the ocean was just very cold but not frozen that still means the air was close to freezing at sea level and wouldn't be able to hold
much water vapor due to low temperature.
And Mars drier than anyplace on earth - it's a dry, very cold airless desert - and that in it's wetter and warmer areas:) Venus has such a huge atmosphere that it holds about as
much water vapor in it's atmosphere that it has somewhere near as much a earth does in it's atmosphere.
Over large areas the addition of so
much water vapor does have regional effects on temp, convection and precip.
Other feedback factors relate to how
much water vapor there will be in a warmer atmosphere and how fast sea ice and continental ice sheets will melt.
If the models are properly simulating the relationship between sea surface temperatures and atmospheric water vapor, then the models have too
much water vapor (natural greenhouse gas) in their atmospheres.
According to Gray, Hansen's alarmism is exaggerated because the models he uses to predict the increase in global warming count on too
much water vapor in the atmosphere.
Water vapor represents most of the balance; but without CO2, the atmosphere would be too cold to hold
much water vapor.
But, we don't know how
much water vapor there is or how much it varies.
There is no proof that increasing GHGs, in the presence of so
much water vapor, without a corresponding increase in the sun's energy in these adsorptive wavebands for these gases, will actually increase warming to any significant degree, i.e. more than a couple of degrees.
Using atmospheric devices on a 150 - foot tower in the Morgan - Monroe State Forest, IU researchers measured how
much water vapor and gases were being absorbed and released by the forest.
Similar islands of material in the early universe could have held as
much water vapor as we find in our galaxy today, despite containing a thousand times less oxygen.
To our surprise, we found we can get as
much water vapor as we see in our own galaxy,» says astrophysicist Avi Loeb of the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA).
We can get very high accuracy humidity readings, too, so we can tell how
much water vapor is in the air.
Juno will spend the next 20 months orbiting Jupiter, figuring out how
much water vapor hides beneath the clouds, mapping the planet's internal structure and probing its vast magnetic...
Not exact matches
Water vapor and methane contribute
much smaller amounts.
The amount of
water needed to cover the entire world is far too
much to be stored in the atmosphere as
water vapor.
Lacquers and Paints Household
water - based wall paint is
much safer than lead - based paints once were, but it can still contain harmful
vapors.
Aside from getting away from weather intrusions, the flying telescope will soar above
much of Earth's
water vapor, which absorbs a lot of infrared light.
-- A 100 - story smokestack belches a roiling, white cloud of
water vapor, carbon dioxide and other leftover gases after burning daily as
much as 12,000 tons of coal at the Mountaineer Power Plant — a total of 3.5 million tons a year.
For comparison, a conventional photovoltaic cell made of crystalline silicon turns nearly 20 percent of incoming photons to electricity, and lasts
much longer because it is not as susceptible to corrosion by
water vapor.
It would provide important insight into how
much SRM would reduce radiative heating, the concentration of
water vapor in the stratosphere, and the processes that determine
water vapor transport — which affects the concentration of ozone.
Careful analysis of what frequencies are absorbed, and by how
much, can directly reveal the presence of
water vapor and other compounds, and can divulge climate parameters, such as temperature and pressure, that determine if liquid
water is sustainable.
Given a few months total of telescope time stretched across perhaps three years, Lovis and Snellen say, they could image Proxima b and probe the planet's atmosphere for signs of oxygen,
water vapor and methane — all crucial measurements for determining whether that faraway world is actually
much like Earth at all.
Steve: Hydrogen is H2 but once you start with CO2 or CH4 with methane or H2O and
water vapor or O3 in ozone, the fact that you have three atoms in your molecule gives you a
much wider variety of vibrational modes to...
It's not
much — just 6 kilograms per second — but there's
water vapor coming off two regions of Ceres, the solar system's largest asteroid.
In a clean cloud, the same spike of high
water vapor could last a long time with only a few fortunate droplets in the
vapor's vicinity to munch plentifully and grow
much bigger than their neighbors.
The impactor's kinetic energy is transformed into heat, which melts the permafrost, releasing methane and
water vapor and expanding the size of the resulting crater by as
much as a quarter.
Such physical changes to the atmosphere might last only hours or days, he notes, but any subtle chemical changes — including those resulting from the extra hydrogen added to the air when ultraviolet light breaks down the
water vapor — would persist
much longer.
An artist's impression shows extrasolar planet HD 189733b, where scientists say they've found
water vapor, closely orbiting its
much more massive star.
Reporting in the 12 July Nature, the scientists note that they can't tell the density of
water vapor in HD 189733b's atmosphere — in other words, whether it is present in only trace amounts or at
much higher levels.
The ultraviolet detector determines how
much ozone the atmosphere has, and the infrared detector measures how
much carbon dioxide and
water vapor there is in the atmosphere.
The orange light in sunsets isn't really
much absorbed by
water vapor; ozone is the main absorber in that part of the spectrum.
Using 30 years of satellite and
water balloon data, she and her colleagues have found that
water vapor there has actually declined by about 10 percent after the year 2000, slowing warming by as
much as 25 percent.
First noticed by amateur astronomers, the massive storm works like the
much smaller convective events on Earth, where air and
water vapor are pushed high into the atmosphere, resulting in the towering, billowing clouds of a thunderstorm.
However, isn't it true that most energy is removed from the earth's surface by convection and evaporation, not radiation (because the lower troposphere contains so
much GHGs, especially
water vapor)?
While there is at present no compelling reason to doubt the models» handling of
water vapor feedback, it is not out of the question that some unanticipated behavior of the hydrological cycle could make the warming somewhat milder — or on the other hand,
much,
much worse.