Studies range from documenting bloom dates of trees and flowers to extracting
mud cores from the ocean floor.
Analysis of pollen in
mud cores from the bed of a lake near the Andean fortress city of Ollantaytambo, Peru, reveals that, there at least, the agricultural revolution happened very quickly, some 2700 years ago.
When Norwegian researchers brought up
a mud core from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean in 2010, they were orchestrating a family reunion.
Not exact matches
Who really cares what any of them think, one of their
core beliefs is that men were made
from mud, and women
from a spare rib.
About 10 feet
from the seafloor, a trigger
core hits bottom and releases the main
core, which drops the remainder of the way by gravity and buries itself in the
mud.
Recently, he and his colleagues examined samples of a
mud core extracted
from between 860 metres and 1626 metres beneath the sea floor off the coast of Newfoundland.
Bierman and four colleagues —
from UVM, Boston College, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, and Imperial College London — studied deep
cores of ocean - bottom
mud containing bits of bedrock that eroded off of the east side of Greenland.
Mud cores pulled
from marshes in the city show that the sea level is already rising faster there than at any time in the past 1,500 years, according to research published in the Holocene Journal in January.
The team also took
core samples of
mud from 1 to 2 meters below the seafloor and analyzed ancient pollen to determine the age of the samples.
When they took a sediment
core from a lake originally created as part of a moat in the Danish capital of Copenhagen, they found centuries» worth of dirt, refuse and pollution particles, with the earliest
mud layer dating to 1649.
Because the
muds, called varves, seem to have a strong signal for the pulse of La Nina events, the team realized that
cores taken
from them could offer insights into the climate's past - and maybe its future - for this part of the world.
The organizing principles of climatology come
from various threads, but I'd mention the oceanographic syntheses of Sverdrup and Stommel, the atmospheric syntheses of Charney and Lorenz, paleoclimatological studies
from ice and
mud core field work, and computational work starting with no less than John von Neumann.
These clues include the earlier spring arrivals of migrating birds, earlier blooming of wildflowers and Washington DC's cherry trees, melting glaciers and icecaps, micro-fossils
from cores of
mud from the ocean floor, and bubbles of ancient air retrieved
from cores of glacial ice.
In kid - friendly language, the authors incorporate the work of nearly forty - five scientists into easily - understood reads, ranging
from Dr. Camille Parmesan's information on the Edith's checkerspot butterfly, to Dr. Lloyd Keigwin, who studies ancient ocean
mud cores.
Spreads jump
from topic to topic,
from rainforests to tree rings, oceanic
mud samples to 800,000 - year - old ice
cores.
The authors explain how scientists piece together the Earth's «climate history»
from tree rings,
mud cores, ice
cores, and other sources; how this history compares with recent climate patterns; and how greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide - much of it human - made - are impacting climate.
Attractive photographs of the natural world, working scientists, easy to read graphs, and kids in action frame the many short essays, which examine a range of topics
from CO2 capture in the rainforest to
mud cores taken
from the bottom of the ocean.
As a professor at the Department of Earth Sciences at Montana State University she's spent decades analyzing
mud core samples drilled
from lakes around the world to examine climate and fire going back thousands of years.
(When they brought up their
core liners and laid them out on the deck,
mud would splatter out of the tubes like pellets fired
from a pellet gun.)