Overall, the study concluded that there was a significant link between dietary cholesterol and the increase in strength: Those with the higher cholesterol intake had the
most muscle strength gain.
In the studies done on a group of NCAA football players, the ZMA group showed 250 %
more muscle strength gain than the placebo group, but in actual strength gains, the ZMA group showed 11.6 % compared to 4.6 % for the placebo group.
In other words, the
healthiest muscle strength gains might come with only small muscle size gains, because larger muscles take far more energy to carry and cool, along with requiring a greater amount of antioxidants for recovery.
On the lateral pull - down machine we found significantly
greater muscle strength gains in the PRO group than in the PLA group (main effect of training, P < 0.001; training × treatment interaction, P < 0.05; Table 3).