Sentences with phrase «mushroom body»

Next, the team analyzed protein expression in mushroom bodies.

Not only were the characteristics of individual mushroom body neurons the same across species, their organization among each other was the same as well.

Social insects tend to have larger mushroom bodies than solitary ones, leading researchers to believe that the transition from solitary to social living increased the size of these brain regions.

The link between brain size and social living was first noted in 1850, when scientists identified mushroom bodies in the insect brain.

Memory centers called mushroom bodies in the forebrain of a scorpion, revealed here by antibodies.

Honeybees may not need key brain structures known as mushroom bodies in order to learn complex associations between odors and rewards, according to new research published in PLOS Computational Biology.

Of particular interest are those involved in forming complex structures that play similar roles, like mushroom bodies and the hippocampus.

Because the commonalities between mushroom bodies in different species are so striking, there long has been a debate about whether these structures evolved independently or whether they derive from a common ancestor.

This is the first evidence that parasitism, and not sociality, was the driver of insect mushroom body complexity, she says.

Farris points out that parasitism evolved 90 million years before social insects appear, and so «insects had big mushroom bodies for quite a while before sociality arose.»

That may be because well - developed mushroom bodies help parasitic wasps better locate the nests of the larvae they lay their eggs in.

The parasitic wasps had consistently larger and more elaborate mushroom bodies than the nonparasites, the duo reports online today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

Unexpectedly, the «mutant bees» performed just as well on many (but not all) of the odor learning tasks as do real bees with intact mushroom bodies.

The new findings surprised the research team because mushroom bodies are thought to be essential for intelligent control over instinctive behaviors — similar to the mammalian cerebral cortex.

The Long - Term Memory Trace Formed in the Drosophila α / β Mushroom Body Neurons is abolished in Long - Term Memory Mutants.

A late - phase, long - term memory trace forms in the γ neurons of Drosophila mushroom bodies after olfactory classical conditioning.

The researchers found that the so - called mushroom bodies, the lobes that underlie learning and memory in insects, were larger in dominant wasps than in their subordinate peers.

The brain centers in question are paired, lobed structures first discovered in insects and known as mushroom bodies.

«Imaging a population code for odor identity in the Drosophila mushroom body» is published online in Journal of Neuroscience on June 19, 2013.

If bees have even larger mushroom bodies than parasitic wasps, he says, this would suggest that social insects have further improved on the brains that they inherited from their ancestors.

Caffeine potentiated responses of mushroom body neurons involved in olfactory learning and memory by acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist.

Strausfeld and Wolff looked at both the neuroanatomy and chemical composition of mushroom bodies in numerous species belonging to two major groups of invertebrates: Ecdysozoa, which includes insects, crustaceans and other arthropods such as scorpions and horseshoe crabs; and Lophotrochozoa, which includes mollusks, flatworms and segmented worms.

Although the mushroom body is specific to drosophila brains, researchers have been on the hunt for analogous regions in the human brain.

Mushroom bodies are the insect equivalent of the human neocortex, the outer layer of our brain, which handles complex cognition.

This area of the fly brain is termed the mushroom body, and is associated with motivation and learning.

Scientists have already established that the neocortex and the mushroom bodies are larger in social species such as humans and wasps, as compared with solitary animals such as bears and lone spiders.

The team suspects that the read - out of combinatory activity of small neurons in the mushroom body allows the cockroach to evaluate the sizes and shapes of odor filaments.

The signals processed by these neurons are carried to distinct regions in the mushroom body (involved in spatial memory formation), suggesting that the spatial information about pheromones are maintained from the surface of the antenna up to the mushroom body.

Moreover, cockroaches might be able to create stereotypical images of the odor plume in the mushroom body via temporal sampling of the odor signals, as antennae of cockroaches move voluntarily.

The team sacrificed some of the bees and isolated the genes active in the insects» mushroom bodies, a part of the brain responsible for complex actions such as social behavior.

In the fruit fly, the ability to distinguish smells lies in a region of the brain called the mushroom body (MB).

The images above depict the activity of the mushroom body Kenyon cells in the fruit fly brain in response to 3 different odors (vertical axis) in 2 separate tests (horizontal axis) for each odor.

T: It's very difficult, but you can insert electrodes into a part of the central brain called the mushroom body, and you find EEG - like activity, which changes a bit when the fly goes from waking to sleeping.

The researchers found that the mushroom bodies were larger in queen sweat bees than they were in either worker bees or asocial bees.

William Wcislo of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Balboa, Panama, and his colleagues dissected the brains of sweat bee queens, workers and asocial individuals and measured the size of an area called the mushroom bodies.

During a chat in his office, Strausfeld sketches a mushroom body, pointing out several parallels to the hippocampus, the brain center devoted to memory and place location in mammals.

One afternoon Christopher Theall, one of Strausfeld's Ph.D. students, shows me his own experimental setup for tapping into a portion of the cockroach brain known as the mushroom body.

If you look at the mushroom bodies, they're massively parallel and have feedback.»

Because the cells have absorbed copper released from the electrode, he can tell them apart from the 200,000 other brain cells in the mushroom body.

The final step of the experiment — dissection of the mushroom body — allows Theall to see the two or three cells he has monitored.

Theall and Strausfeld never know which of the tens of thousands of cells they're going to hit when they tap into a roach's mushroom body.

Twisting a knob while gazing into the microscope, he sinks the electrode into the roach's brain until it rests in one of the mushroom bodies.

Further up from the base, the fibers send out connections in loops that look like jug handles on a freeway; this is the shape that has earned this part of the brain the name «mushroom body.»

The researchers found that parallel bundles of neuronal fibers in the mushroom bodies in each species are arranged in similarly structured, orthogonal networks typical of learning circuits.

Strausfeld's and Wolff's analysis revealed a ground pattern organization that is common to mushroom bodies in all of the investigated species, suggesting its inheritance from an ancient ancestor, possibly 600 million years in the past.

It found that the abundance of three proteins — called DC0, Leo and CaMKII — was conserved in the mushroom bodies across these invertebrate groups.

«This ground pattern of mushroom bodies is ubiquitous across a broad range of species,» said Wolff, a graduate student in the Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program.

To get a sense of how the wasp brain evolved over time, she and taxonomist Susanne Schulmeister of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City compared the mushroom bodies of parasitic wasps with those of nonparasitic wasps, which represent the very oldest form of wasp.