«This new genomic platform would allow us to quickly engineer any essential gene in the «simplest» M.
mycoides genome and obtain a quick, binary «yes» or «no» answer as to whether the modification introduced could support cellular viability.
The team began the process to edit the M.
mycoides genome by first cloning it in a strain of yeast expressing Cas9.
A synthetic Mycoplasma
mycoides genome transplanted into M. capricolum was able to control the host cell.
Only those cells that absorbed the M.
mycoides genome survived.
We cloned a Mycoplasma
mycoides genome as a yeast centromeric plasmid and then transplanted it into Mycoplasma capricolum to produce a viable M. mycoides cell.
The JCVI website states: «The 1.08 million base pair synthetic M.
mycoides genome isthe largest chemically defined structure ever synthesised in the laboratory.»
Not exact matches
First, they chemically synthesized the
genome of M.
mycoides, that goat germ, which with 1.1 million «letters» of DNA was twice as large as the germ
genome they'd previously built.
In a work published in the online version of Science magazine in May 2010, whose authors were Daniel Gibson et al., they describe the synthetic assembly of the
genome needed to create the bacterium Mycoplasma
mycoides.
But this June, he and his colleagues delicately teased out the entire
genome of Mycoplasma
mycoides (which infects goats) and slipped it into Mycoplasma capricolum, a related but distinctly separate species.
Venter's team, based at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Maryland, took the
genome of one bacterium, Mycoplasma
mycoides, copied it and transferred it to yeast for easier modification, and then implanted it into another bacterial species, Mycoplasma capricolum.
The transplanted
genome booted up in its host cell, and then divided over and over to make billions of M.
mycoides cells.
The cell was created by stitching together the
genome of a goat pathogen called Mycoplasma
mycoides from smaller stretches of DNA synthesised in the lab, and inserting the
genome into the empty cytoplasm of a related bacterium.
Venter's team took the
genome of one bacterium, Mycoplasma
mycoides, copied and modified it in yeast, and then transplanted it into another bacterial species, M. capricolum.
While in yeast, the
genome was altered by using yeast genetic systems and then transplanted to produce a new strain of M.
mycoides.
The newly - created bacterium contains a minimalist version of the
genome of Mycoplasma
mycoides.
Last August you reported cloning the entire
genome of a bacterium, Mycoplasma
mycoides.
These cells that result from
genome transplantation are phenotypically identical to the M.
mycoides LC donor strain as judged by several criteria.
We report the design, synthesis, and assembly of the 1.08 — mega — base pair Mycoplasma
mycoides JCVI - syn 1.0
genome starting from digitized
genome sequence information and its transplantation into a M. capricolum recipient cell to create new M.
mycoides cells that are controlled only by the synthetic chromosome.