Sentences with phrase «myelin oligodendrocyte»

The researchers deliver a specific gene, which hitches a ride on a harmless virus, into the livers of mice, and once in the liver that gene codes for a protein called myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.

Investigators (Fumitaka Sato, PhD, et al) tested resveratrol in autoimmune and viral models of MS.. In the autoimmune model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in 6 - week - old mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35 - 55 peptide.

Not exact matches

It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.

In experiments in mice, researchers used a toxin to destroy myelin and kill oligodendrocytes.

One mature oligodendrocyte can coat about 50 axon segments with myelin.

Like spiders, the oligodendrocytes sit alongside nerve cells tending to their myelin webs.

If oligodendrocytes are making myelin in an environment with a lot of inflammation, as seen in MS patients, then the ER must work extra hard to make proteins to rebuild myelin and respond to surrounding inflammation.

Hypertension drug that protects cell from endoplasmic reticulum stress and preserves oligodendrocytes and myelin during inflammation

Combining current drugs with strategies to protect oligodendrocytes, enhance myelin - making and possibly wrangle the immune system through the gut might be the best strategy for achieving prolonged benefit for people with MS.

When there's damage to myelin, oligodendrocytes repair it, or new oligodendrocytes take over for old ones.

The reason, say researchers: the hormone stimulates production of more oligodendrocyte stem cells, leading to more oligodendrocytes and therefore more myelin.

But in people with MS, some oligodendrocytes stop making myelin altogether and young oligodendrocytes have trouble maturing.

Oligodendrocytes are the central nervous system cells that make myelin.

The brain creates new oligodendrocytes that wrap fresh myelin around the affected axons, Popko and colleagues reported in January 2016 in Nature Neuroscience.

Image shows the complex shape of individual oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin in adult mice injected with tamoxifen.

Neighbouring myelin - producing cells called oligodendrocytes (OLs) recognise the repeating signal and wrap myelin around the active circuit wiring.

Oligodendrocytes, the cells that are known to produce the myelin sheaths which enable saltatory conduction of action potentials along the myelinated axons, are modulators of signal transmission along neuronal connections (axons) and also promote neuronal survival by providing metabolic support.

Instead, supportive cells called oligodendrocytes are responsible for making the myelin sheath that wraps around axons.

Using live imaging in zebrafish to track oligodendrocytes in real time, researchers reporting in the June 24 issue of the Cell Press journal Developmental Cell discovered that individual oligodendrocytes coat neurons with myelin for only five hours after they are born.

The researchers hypothesize that guanabenz stimulates a protective cascade — because fewer oligodendrocytes die, less immune cells are recruited to the brain, which results in a decreased inflammatory response and preservation of myelin levels.

Popko and his colleagues have previously shown that oligodendrocytes, the brain cells which produce myelin, possess an innate mechanism that responds to stressors such as inflammation.

To test the suitability of guanabenz as a potential treatment for MS, Popko and his team exposed cultured oligodendrocyte cells to interferon gamma — a molecule that increases inflammation — resulting in greatly increased myelin loss and cell death.

RIPK1, the researchers found, inflicts damage by directly attacking the body's myelin production plants — nerve cells known as oligodendrocytes, which secrete the soft substance, rich in fat and protein that wraps around axons to support their function and shield them from damage.

Dr. Lyons and his team used zebrafish to study the formation of myelin sheaths by oligodendrocytes because this laboratory animal is transparent at early stages of its development, which allows investigators to directly observe cells within the organism.

In vertebrates, the axons of many neurons are sheathed in myelin, which is formed by either of two types of glial cells: Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neurons and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous system.

Most of these trials involve stem cell - derived neural progenitor cells, which can turn into several different types of brain or spinal cord cells, or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which create the myelin sheaths that insulate and protect nerve cells.

The exosomes produced during environmental enrichment carry microRNAs — small pieces of genetic material — which appear to instruct immature cells in the brain to develop into myelin - making cells called oligodendrocytes.

Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have succeeded in transforming skin cells directly into oligodendrocyte precursor cells, the cells that wrap nerve cells in the insulating myelin sheaths that help nerve signals propagate.

Previous research in rodent disease models has shown that transplanted oligodendrocyte precursor cells derived from embryonic stem cells and from human fetal brain tissue can successfully create myelin sheaths around nerve cells, sometimes leading to dramatic improvements in symptoms.

In the 6 September issue of The Lancet, the researchers suggest these genetic problems mean that oligodendrocytes, the cells that build the myelin sheaths, are dysfunctional in both diseases.

MS is a debilitating neurological disease caused by the destruction of oligodendrocytes, cells that build the myelin sheaths that surround the signal transmitting axons of neurons.

Ten people will receive injections into the injury site of hESC - derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which stimulate the growth of new and severed nerves and recoat damaged nerves with myelin.

Cerebral white matter injury (WMI) persistently disrupts myelin regeneration by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs).

Most of these trials involve stem cell — derived neural progenitor cells, which can turn into several different types of brain or spinal cord cells, or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which create the myelin sheaths that insulate and protect nerve cells.

Roy, K.; Murtie, J. C.; El - Khodor, B. F.; Edgar, N.; Sardi, S. P.; Hooks, B. M.; Benoit - Marand, M.; Chen, C.; Moore, H.; O'Donnell, P.; Brunner, D.; Corfas, G. Loss of erbB signaling in oligodendrocytes alters myelin and dopaminergic function, a potential mechanism for neuropsychiatric disorders.

There are multiple forms of MS and those afflicted with it can experience a range of symptoms but the underlying problem is damage to the insulation around the nerves, known as myelin, and the cells that produce it, known as oligodendrocytes.

Regulation of L - type Ca + + currents and process morphology in white matter oligodendrocyte precursor cells by golli - myelin proteins.

Modulation of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channel 1 in the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells by the Golli Products of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene.

Proline substitutions and threonine pseudophosphorylation of the SH3 ligand of 18.5 - kDa myelin basic protein decrease its affinity for the Fyn - SH3 domain and alter process development and protein localization in oligodendrocytes.

Following a spinal cord injury, oligodendrocytes break down and die, preventing axons from receiving the myelin they need to send signals.

Not only were Miconazole and clobetasol able to stimulate the differentiation of stem cells into mature oligodendrocytes, most importantly, these drugs stimulated the formation of new insulation (myelin) and reversed disease severity in animal models of MS.. While not all adult tissues in our body contain stem cells, this approach may change the way MS is managed.

In the November issue of Nature Methods, a team led by Paul Tesar, PhD, a NYSCF — Robertson Investigator at Case Western Reserve University, published a novel method in producing oligodendrocyte cells, the cells that are damaged in myelin - related disorders such as multiple sclerosis.

Galactocerebrosidase - deficient oligodendrocytes maintain stable central myelin by exogenous replacement of the missing enzyme in mice.

In the healthy brain, stem cell - like glial progenitors can divide, migrate to an injured site, and become mature oligodendrocytes after myelin loss, but, unfortunately, the efficiency of remyelination declines with age.

Unfortunately, myelin can be easily damaged by a variety of pathological conditions, and stresses to the brain, and oligodendrocyte vulnerability to such damage is enhanced in the aged brain and in degenerative diseases.

Evolution of the mammalian brain, in part, has been enabled by a class of glial cells, oligodendrocytes, which provide the myelin.

Extensive damage to white matter (myelin - rich brain areas) characterizes Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, pointing to myelin damage and oligodendrocyte impairment as a common path to the progression of these diseases, even though each of these diseases may have a different cause.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an immune - mediated disease, most likely auto - immune, in which the immune system attacks the oligodendrocytes, causing damage to the myelin sheath.

Neural stem cells from the central nervous system give rise to neurons and the myelin - producing and support cells, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, respectively.

Myelin is generated by specialized cells, oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal column (the central nervous system, or CNS), and Schwann cells in the network of nerves outside the CNS that connect it with the rest of the body (the peripheral nervous system).