Sentences with word «myofibroblast»

Conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblast result from ROS - mediated accumulation of pro-angiogenic (HIF) and pro-inflammatory (SDF - 1 / CXCL - 12) components.

They packed a cold - related virus called an adeno - associated virus, or AAV, with their transcription factors and used it to infect myofibroblasts in liver - damaged mice.

The researchers, led by Benjamin Humphreys, MD, PhD, found that a rare population of stem cells located outside of blood vessels in mice become myofibroblast cells that secrete proteins that cause scar tissue.

The orbital remodeling in TED is likely induced by infiltrating T lymphocytes and mast cells, which activate orbital fibroblast effector cells to either proliferate and form scar - producing cells called myofibroblasts or turn into pro-inflammatory fat cells.

It was unknown which kinds of stem cells form myofibroblasts, and where these stem cells are located.

Abnormal over-production and activation of collagen - producing myofibroblasts underlie many of these conditions.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands that block myofibroblast formation and collagen production in thyroid eye disease may be the key, according to a new report in The American Journal of Pathology

In the third phase, initially proliferating myofibroblasts lose smooth muscle actin expression and convert to a nonproliferating, matrix - producing phenotype with a newly acquired tendon gene signature.

«We believe that this cell population is responsible for about 60 percent of all organ myofibroblasts,» said Humphreys.

Although myofibroblasts expressing CXCL12 are associated with the presence of axillary metastases in HER2 breast cancers (BC), the therapeutic interest of targeting CXCR4 / CXCL12 axis in the different BC subtypes remains unclear.

Now they've discovered additional factors actually produced by the regenerating hair follicle to convert the surrounding myofibroblasts to regenerate as fat instead of forming a scar.

This signaling was groundbreaking on its own, as it changed what was previously known about myofibroblasts.

The first and most obvious use would be to develop a therapy that signals myofibroblasts to convert into adipocytes — helping wounds heal without scarring.

Researchers used these characteristics as the basis for their work — changing the already present myofibroblasts into fat cells that do not cause scarring.

Holger Willenbring of the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues worked out a way to transform myofibroblasts into healthy hepatocytes using a cocktail of liver gene switches called transcription factors.

The gaps left by these cells are filled with myofibroblasts, which generate scar tissue from collagen.

The ligands also interfered with other aspects of TED tissue remodeling including collagen production, filament formation, and myofibroblast contraction.

Importantly, the ligands impaired myofibroblast function without affecting cell viability.

A new study published in The American Journal of Pathology found that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway by its ligands blocks collagen production and myofibroblast proliferation in TED.

In thyroid eye disease (TED), orbital fibroblasts form contractile myofibroblasts that secrete high levels of collagen and lead to destructive tissue remodeling.

Previous research had shown that AHR activation decreases transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), a cytokine that induces myofibroblast formation.

Using a mouse model, the team identified a specific cell called a subepithelial myofibroblast as an essential source of both Wnts and RSPO3.

The news wasn't all bad: When Fischbach's team put obese mice on a diet, their mammary fat tissue had fewer myofibroblasts, suggesting losing weight could make a woman's fat tissue structure more normal and lower her breast cancer risk.

Rare stem cells (in red) that give rise to scar - tissue secreting myofibroblast cells, here found near the blood vessels of a mouse kidney (in green).

«Under normal circumstances, myofibroblasts stimulate wound healing, but when there's an ongoing injury to an organ (e.g., the liver of a hepatitis C patient, the heart of a patient with high blood pressure, or the kidney of a patient with diabetes) these proteins clog up normal functioning,» said Humphreys, a Harvard Medical School associate professor at Brigham and Women's Hospital, who leads the Harvard Stem Cell Institute Kidney Program.

Research Interests: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; animal models of IBD; mucosal T - cell death and survival; tolerance to gut microbiota; interactions between immune and non-immune cells; immune - driven angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis; intestinal fibrosis; intestinal myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix; systems biology; complex diseases

Basic fibroblast growth factor reduces scar by inhibiting the differentiation of epidermal stem cells to myofibroblasts via the Notch1 / Jagged1 pathway.

It also causes overproduction of damaging and dysfunctional cardio myofibroblast cells.

Moreover, although CXCR4 inhibitors significantly reduce myofibroblast content in all BC subtypes, they decrease angiogenesis only in HER2 BC.

However, once activated, the HSCs acquire characteristics of another cell type called myofibroblasts, which are characterized by their abundant production of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen.

During fibrosis these cells differentiate into myofibroblasts, causing scarring and organ failure.

By 7 to 10 days, myofibroblasts lost proliferative ability and smooth muscle α - actin expression as the collagen - containing extracellular matrix and scar fully matured.

The AHR ligands turned on AHR - dependent genes and blocked the TGFβ - driven transformation of human orbital fibroblasts to scar - forming myofibroblasts.

Previous research has demonstrated that Akt1 is at least partly responsible for the development of myofibroblasts, cells that migrate to the sites of injury to aid in wound healing.

Fibroblasts also convert to myofibroblasts in response to high blood pressure, or hypertension.

«Typically, myofibroblasts were thought to be incapable of becoming a different type of cell,» Cotsarelis said.

It instructs the myofibroblasts to become fat.

The most common cells found in healing wounds are myofibroblasts, which were thought to only form a scar.