A recent study has mined climatological data to come up with a new explanation for the rapid spread of the disease — it wasn't black rats, after all, who spread the germ via their fleas, but gerbils, taking advantage of a warm and wet spell to run amok.
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In fact, so little mention is made of
rats that one English historian proposed that the
black death could
not have been plague.
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not plague, also known as the
Black Death, was caused by fleas living on infected
rats.
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David Bloomfield, who chairs the education department at the College of Staten Island, was
not the only education expert who likened the exodus of
Black's knowledgeable support staff to
rats deserting a sinking ship.
The difference is
black rat snakes do
not have fangs, just small teeth.
While we didn't separate out the impacts of individual rodent species, previous work shows that
black rats (Rattus rattus) threaten the greatest number of species, followed by brown
rats (R. norvegicus) and Pacific
rats (R. exulans).
Two standouts from Asia are the Mandarin ratsnake, a small and stunning beauty with a striking
black and yellow pattern against a grey background, and Ridley's cave ratsnake, a large but sweetly dispositional snake with a silvery grey color and a propensity for eating bats (don't worry, they adjust beautifully to a diet of
rat pups).
On Anacapa Island, the National Park Service eradicated the introduced
black rat population that had decimated the population of
nesting Scripps's murrelets.
Once an island with no natural predators for
nesting birds, invasive non-native
black rats were inadvertently introduced to the island from ships visiting the islands in the 1940's.
A U.S. magistrate has found a Santa Barbara environmental activist
not guilty of violating federal law two years ago, when he allegedly fed
black rats on Anacapa Island vitamin pellets to counteract poison that park rangers dropped from helicopters to exterminate the rodents.
The birds are the innocents,
not built for survival on an island where
black rats were introduced as predators.
If humans had been able to take responsibility for the
black rat population in the 14th century, history would have been spared one of its worst horrors and the
rat would
not have the evil reputation it has today.
The
black rat is a formidable adversary
not easily dislodged.
The
black rat is
not in danger of extinction, and the eradication of the population on Anacapa will
not endanger the species.
According to «Animal Activist Finds Himself in
Rat's
Nest of Legal Trouble» (Dec. 15), the
black rats, Rattus rattus, that Rob Puddicombe tried to rescue on Anacapa Island are known primarily as urban nuisances.
Among the eggs the
rats like to munch are those of the petite,
black and white Xantus's murrelet, which
nests only on Santa Barbara and Anacapa islands and is a candidate for listing as a threatened species, officials say.
They are particularly vulnerable because they
nest in the same cliffs and grottoes that house the
black rat population.