Not exact matches
(So far, the company's
cell cultures are reported to be small, about the size of a postage stamp, and
not fully functional.)
Cultured meat producers still have to source the first set of
cells from an animal — even if it's just a small biopsy that doesn't require slaughter.
If I have a bunch of
cells from a throat
culture or other medical swab, that isn't a human life.
A
cell in my brain is different from a
cell not in my brain but, say, in a
culture of
cells in a dish.
While some still object to
cells being taken from animals and used by scientists to grow clean meat in laboratories — and some just don't like the idea of eating a «
cultured» steak created by men and women in white coats — others see the lab - grown meat revolution as key to solving the environmental crisis linked to meat eating.
Culturing stem
cells by day, and audiences in dingy stand - up clubs by night, it wasn't until Helen Pilcher left the lab that she started basing her comedy on science.
Scientists are forced either to experiment on whole animals, which is expensive, raises ethical issues and may
not predict effects in humans, or to perform tests on microscopic human
cells found in tissue
cultures, which have been altered to live forever and bear little relation to actual living, breathing people.
With our human gut - on - a-chip, we can
not only
culture the normal gut microbiome for extended times, but we can also analyze contributions of pathogens, immune
cells, and vascular and lymphatic endothelium, as well as model specific diseases to understand complex pathophysiological responses of the intestinal tract.»
In addition, mammalian
cell cultures are
not always an ideal medium: at times, it is simply too hard to produce proteins in this manner.
The team found several hundred that might do so and restore the protein to its functional shape; more than 30 did the job when tested in
cell culture, although they don't know whether they attached to p53 in the pocket.
Yeast
cultures normally do
not exceed 100 million to 200 million
cells per millilitre.
Milk glands, moreover, do
not need the constant coddling required for
cell cultures.
One of the 12 audience members was Ben Chao, a chemical engineer with a Ph.D. —
not at all qualified to make a judgment on Scott's abilities in the area of «Approaches to Developing Serum - Free Media Formulations for Mammalian
Cells in
Culture.»
Most importantly, it wasn't toxic» to
cell cultures, Lee explained.
When
cells that produced IL - 21 were put in
culture with synovial fibroblasts (which are the main contributors to joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis), they induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by these synovial fibroblasts, and
cells that do
not produce IL - 21, did
not demonstrate this same outcome.
In rats and tissue
cultures of human nerve
cells, these «beta sheet breakers»
not only prevent amyloid plaques from forming, but also dissolve existing plaques.
«It is possible the researchers simply have
not worked out adequate methods to maintain these
cells long - term in
culture,» he says.
However, this coupling does
not exist in
cell culture models with exogenously expressed c - MYC — the type of systems that are mainly used to investigate glutamine addiction in cancer.
It isn't clear exactly why the differences fade, Hochedlinger says, but it may be that the expression of embryonic genes is strengthened as the
cells grow in
culture, gradually overwriting the
cells» old gene - expression patterns.
It seems we can now isolate the
cells and study them in a pure
culture, which is something that wasn't possible before.»
Through these effects, the PERY peptide reduced the proliferation of several (but
not all) cancer
cell lines in
culture and inhibited the growth of a human breast cancer xenograft in mice.
The
cell cultures still did
not prove whether optogenetics would apply to brain
cells inside living, freely moving mammals, however.
«Most adult stem
cells can
not be
cultured in vitro without differentiation.»
During her postdoctoral work, Bissell noticed that removing mammary
cells from a mouse and putting them into a
culture dish caused them to lose
not only their normal in vivo shapes, but also their ability to secrete milk.
«The concentrations of anabasine tested here are 100-fold lower than those required to inhibit growth of parasite
cell cultures,» Palmer - Young says, «and we did
not find any evidence for variation in anabasine sensitivity across parasite strains.
They found that when IGF - 1 was added to the
cultured blood
cells there was increased lithium sensitivity only in the blood
cells of those bipolar disorder patients who did
not respond to lithium therapy.
We were able to use pharmaceuticals to induce
cell self - eating effects and stimulate dedifferentiation though
not as effectively as 3D
culture, so we need to do more work on this.
2 - D
cell -
culture and mouse experiments also provided key evidence of the virus's modus operandi; although the rodent brain doesn't harbor the full contingent of human neural stem
cells, it has blood vessels and immune - system components that organoids lack.
«This pilot study showed that the
culture system
not only allowed for efficient propagation of sperm stem
cells, but also eliminated ALL
cells,» said Sadri - Ardekani.
But the transition from brain -
cell cultures to the brains of intact animals does
not seem to bode well for astronaut resilience.
They noticed that while the dermal papilla
cells from mice naturally formed large clumps in
culture, the human
cells didn't.
Studies of IBD are typically performed using
cell culture experiments or animal models, which don't mimic the precise conditions that occur in the gut of human patients.
In
cells grown on flat
culture dishes, the expression of thousands of genes didn't match up with their normal patterns, explaining why the
cells from those dishes had been unable to generate new hair follicles.
But boys who haven't been through puberty can only have sperm stem
cells removed and frozen in anticipation of technology that could
culture the
cells and place them back in the testes, where they produce sperm after puberty.
(Although Clevers's organoids originate from adult stem
cells, isolating those
cells isn't necessary;
culturing a tissue fragment with the right nutrients is enough.)
Existing
cell culture models were
not very realistic, Tuveson says, and creating genetically engineered mice took up to a year, compared with up to 3 weeks for pancreatic cancer organoids.
«Five years later,» Daley said, «I still don't know of any laboratory that has been able to
culture those
cells.
Around the same time, Yoshiki Sasai of the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, Japan,
cultured the first brain organoids, starting
not with adult stem
cells but with embryonic stem
cells.
«To do that, we went back to the
cell culture model to ask whether or
not the antibody basically prevents the uptake of misfolded α - syn.»
In practice, however, lung
cells — especially from older, ill patients — won't grow well enough in
culture, but will have to be produced from stem
cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS)
cells, she says.
The research showed the beta - lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae were on all the time, whether or
not the bacteria were infecting human
cell cultures.
The research highlights the importance of studying the effects of drugs
not only on the tumor
cells in a
culture plate, but also on the interaction of the tumor
cells with their own microenvironment.
They must
not fixate on simply achieving a technical tour de force of
cell culture in bioreactors.
This is the reason why haploid
cell cultures do
not thrive.
Cell culture systems used today also do
not faithfully represent the features of human neurons.»
Researchers could identify which individual
cells — from a tumor or a strain of bacteria — survive a drug treatment and study them further, something that's
not possible with current
culture - and - stain tests, Demirci says.
Kass developed the midstream urine test (still used when you pee in a cup) and set a numerical cutoff for the number of bacteria in normal urine:
not more than 100,000 colony - forming units (
cell clusters on a
culture dish) per milliliter of urine.
«We're seeing that some of these factors have a major impact on
cell behavior that is
not possible to observe in conventional 2D
cell cultures.»
«Until now, retention of salivary gland
cell properties has
not been possible using other tissue
culture techniques.
Investigations into human brain development using human
cells in the
culture dish have so far been very limited: the
cells in the dish grow flat, so they do
not display any three - dimensional structure.