Sentences with phrase «nanometers below»

The detection of magnetic fields is carried out with the help of a so called nitrogen vacancy center (NV), located approximately 10 nanometers below the surface of the diamond tip.

The white dots making up squares arrayed 45 - degrees to the x / y - axis are selenium (Se) atoms, while the defects — missing Fe atoms in the Fe plane, about a quarter of a nanometer below the Se surface — show up as butterfly - shaped perturbations produced by quantum interference of electrons scattering from the defects.

Not exact matches

Dealing with engineering at the nanometer scale and below requires probabilities.

«This technology can actively stabilize two items relative to each other with a precision well below one nanometer at room temperature,» JILA / NIST physicist Tom Perkins says.

This material, in which carbon substitutes for some of the lattice oxygen atoms, absorbs light at wavelengths below 535 nanometers and has a lower band - gap energy than rutile (2.32 versus 3.00 electron volts).

It will open a completely new set of applications, such as optical communications and sensing at a scale below one nanometer,» said ICREA Professor Frank Koppens at ICFO — The Institute of Photonic Sciences in Barcelona, Spain, who led the research.

Hafnium - based insulators are now used in the 45 - nanometer generation of chips made by Intel, shown here below a chip from 1993.

The physicists used a small needle to probe the insulating or conducting nature of the material below it with a resolution of 25 nanometers.

When the layers have thicknesses below the wavelength of visible light — 400 - 700 nanometers — they interact with its wave properties rather than treating it as a straight ray.

Advanced heterojunction cells shall affront this problem: On top of the wafer's surface, at temperatures below 200 °C, a layer of 10 nanometer disordered (amorphous) silicon is deposited.

«Using the other methods, when the thickness gets below 100 nanometers you can hardly make full coverage of film,» Zhou said.

The results presented are of the impact of ionization on the formation rate of aerosols with size ~ 4 nanometers (nm), as shown in the figure below:

The observed range («Coverage» in the graphic below) is 0.05 to 100,000 nanometers within an Electromagnetic Spectrum of 0.000001 to 100,000,000,000 nanometers.