Sentences with phrase «nanometers thick»

The thin - film cell consists of layers of silver and gold between the semiconductor layers, but the combined thickness is still only a few hundred nanometers thick, compared to a piece of paper which is 100,000 nanometers thick.

Graphene is the world's strongest and lightest known material; a single layer of graphene is only 0.335 nanometers thick, and it can conduct heat and electricity.

Sundaram added a copper - and - ceramic heater, which was necessary to deposit the semiconducting plastic: The plastic is suspended in a fluid that's sprayed onto the device surface, and the heater evaporates the fluid, leaving behind a layer of plastic only 200 nanometers thick.

A single HCMV particle measures about 150 — 300 nanometers; a human hair is roughly 100,000 nanometers thick.

With the synthesis approach, the team produced rhombus - shaped particles of gamma - alumina, Al2O3, that were 30 to 50 nanometers across and 10 to 20 nanometers thick.

Aluminizing involves vaporizing aluminum in a vacuum, causing a film of metal about 100 nanometers thick to be deposited on the glass.

Standard perovskite films are generally on the order of 300 nanometers thick.

The researchers stacked approximately 100 of these layers, each between 1 nanometer and 12 nanometers thick, and sandwiched them between a layer of gold at the bottom and a pattern of asymmetric gold nanocrosses on top.

The end result is a film of Q - carbon, and researchers can control the process to make films between 20 nanometers and 500 nanometers thick.

Higher pH, between eight and 10, triggers the membrane's filtration material, 200 nanometers thick (one nanometer equals 40 millionths of an inch), to become more porous, allowing water to pass through at a much faster rate while trapping salt (for desalinization) and contaminants such as arsenic (which becomes ionic at such a high pH and thereby easier for the filter to separate out).

The disks, each 250 nanometers thick and tended by «sheepdog» spacecraft to keep them in place, would shade us just enough to reduce sunlight by roughly 2 percent, cooling the planet back to preindustrial temperatures and perhaps moderating some of the destructive weather we have had in recent years.

A single layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice, graphene membranes can be made a little as about 0.5 nanometers thick but have their own disadvantages to be addressed.

«We are able to control the thickness of the aluminum oxide, creating a coating between two nanometers and 20 nanometers thick,» Zhang says.

Researchers have made thin - film solar cells with absorbing layers just tens of nanometers thick, but such a fine film can allow much of the light to pass through before it has a chance to be absorbed.

An inner layer of silver serves to conduct the electrical signals and prevent the growth of microorganisms, while the outer layer of titanium, just a few nanometers thick, ensures signal stability and prevents skin irritation occurring and the release of silver particles.

Swapping in the bigger ion forces the crystal to form in sheets just nanometers thick, which stack on top of each other like pages in a book, says chemist Aditya Mohite of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico.

Using electron microscopes, the scientists took images of the thin films (about 100 nanometers thick) of the material they prepared, before and after they hit the films with low - energy protons.

The PLED has three layers: a 100 - nanometer metal electrode, a 200 - nanometer transparent electrode, and a light - emitting layer 225 to 330 nanometers thick sandwiched in between.

Boland and colleagues showed for the first time that, in films of nanocrystalline copper just tens of nanometers thick, peaks and dips appear where misaligned grains meet.

The device is a film roughly 100 nanometers thick.

The membranes of the cells in our bodies are only approximately 4 to 5 nanometers thick and consist of a complex mixture of lipids and specific membrane proteins, which also include channel proteins.

«The copper coating on the polymer separator is only 50 nanometers thick, about 500 times thinner than the separator itself,» said Wu, a postdoctoral fellow in the Cui group.

Each layer is 20 to 200 nanometers thick and reacts to electricity in its own way; a semiconductor mimicking silicon might be stacked between two transparent conductor layers.

The solution involved adding a number of sinusoidal - shaped bumps of silicon, 40 nanometers thick, along one side of the waveguide, and similar bumps, made of a layer of germanium sandwiched with chrome, on the other side.

The device consists of a rectangular bar of insulating silicon dioxide 85 nanometers thick and 2000 nanometers long surrounded by conducing silver, which light generally doesn't penetrate.

A few hundred nanometers thick, it rested upon a centimeter - square carbon substrate but was otherwise unprotected.

Their new approach involves depositing a thin film of silver (measuring about 10 nanometers thick) onto a solar cell surface and heating it to 200 ° Celsius.

The instrument — a scanning Kerr microscope — bounced femtosecond pulses of laser light off the surface of rectangular Ni80Fe20 samples, measuring 15 nanometers thick and grown on small strips of gold.

While the average piece of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick, exosomes run just 30 to 150 nanometers in size.

In particular, while studying a trimer system consisting of three discrete metallic nanodisks of about 145 nanometers in diameter and 60 nanometers thick, the team found evidence for the presence of near - field, subwavelength - sized optical vortices and the circulation of electromagnetic energy (see image).

And instead of using conventional silicon wafers for transistors and diodes, they used silicon layers only 50 nanometers thick, enabling the components to dissolve in a couple of weeks.

«It can span two dimensions of the material,» even though it is only nanometers thick.

It's made of several different films: semiconductor, dielectric, and metal layers, all of which are just a few hundred nanometers thick.

The oleic coating is also remarkably thin, just about a nanometer thick, allowing it to conform to even the smallest cracks and imperfections in the structure.

This enables new opto - electronic devices that are just one nanometer thick, such as ultra-small optical switches, detectors and sensors.

The scientists beamed light flashes lasting only a few hundred attoseconds onto 50 nanometer thick glass particles, which released electrons inside the material.

Researchers at EPFL's Laboratory for Bio - and Nano - Instrumentation achieved this by equipping the cantilever with a 5 - nanometer thick sensor made with a nanoscale 3D - printing technique.

Not exact matches

«This is a way of coloring something with a very thin layer of material, so in principle, if it's a metal to begin with, you can just use 10 nanometers to color it, and if it's not, you can deposit a metal that's 30 nm thick and then another 10 nm.

Xin and his collaborators rotated 20 - nanometer - thick sheets of the post-reaction material inside a carefully calibrated transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid at CFN to catch the contours from every angle — a process called electron tomography.

They consist of nanometers - thick layers of light - emitting material, representing the quantum well, sandwiched between other materials that serve to guide both the injected electrical current as well as the output light.

They sandwiched a 50 - nanometer - thick layer of insulating silicon nitride between silver on top and gold on the bottom.

On top of it they placed a metal electrode coated with a 10 - to 50 - nanometer - thick film of an insulating material.

In a paper published in Science Advances, ICFO researchers Roland Terborg, Josselin Pello, Ilaria Mannelli, UPC Prof. at ICFO Juan P. Torres and ICREA Prof. at ICFO Valerio Pruneri, have built a novel low - cost, compact on - chip microscope, made with consumer electronic products, capable of simultaneously measuring nanometer - thick changes over a large volume (0.5 cm ^ 3) in transparent objects such as glass.

So Kats and his colleagues deposited a 150 - nanometer - thick layer of vanadium dioxide onto a wafer of sapphire.

Hoffman and his colleagues crafted their metamaterial semiconductor by placing alternating 80 - nanometer - thick (one nanometer equals 3.94 x 10 - 8 inch) layers of indium gallium arsenide and indium aluminum arsenide atop an indium phosphide substrate 5.1 centimeters (two inches) in diameter.

The research shows that in an optimal CBRAM geometry, the insulator is 1.5 to 2 nanometers (about 10 atoms) thick.

In another two - dimensional experiment to achieve negative refraction, earlier this year researchers Henri Lezec, Jennifer Dionne and Harry Atwater at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., sandwiched a 100 - nanometer - thick layer of silver between silicon nitride and gold, with openings on either end to allow laser light to enter and exit the silver.

The 35 - nanometer - thick cylindrical layers, however, amplified faint light that carries extremely fine details about the object.

«In our paper, we studied only polystyrene structure and what happens to this structure at glass transition when you go to very thin, nanometer - thick films,» Lyulin said.

Swearer began by synthesizing 100 - nanometer - diameter aluminum crystals that, once exposed to air, develop a thin 2 - to 4 - nanometer - thick coating of aluminum oxide.