The result was a highly porous carbon
nanotube electrode with lots of oxygens exposed on the surface, ready to bind with lithium.
They then dipped their electrode starting materials alternatively in solutions containing the oppositely charged nanotubes, binding successive layers of tubes atop one another to build up
their nanotube electrodes.
The work boosting the performance of lithium batteries with carbon
nanotube electrodes was done at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with initial support through a Dupont / M.
Researchers at Stanford University and Hanyang University in Ansan, Korea, are developing
the nanotube electrodes in collaboration with LG Chem, a Korean company that makes lithium - ion batteries, including those used in the Chevy Volt.
Not exact matches
In fact, there have been many efforts to improve lithium - ion battery or supercapacitor performance using alternative
electrode materials such as carbon
nanotubes and other manganese oxides.
The resulting cluster of
nanotubes, fused to two palladium
electrodes, acted as a transistor (Nano Letters, DOI: 10.1021 / nl050405n).
Team members sprayed carbon
nanotubes onto a plastic film — two such films act as both the device's
electrodes and charge collectors.
But in a paper posted online today in Nature Nanotechnology, the MIT team, led by materials scientist Yang Shao - Horn, took a very different approach: using carbon
nanotubes to replace the oxide - based positive
electrode.
A close - up of a novel battery
electrode made from chemically adorned carbon
nanotubes.
Researchers have long sought to replace the graphite in the negative
electrodes with carbon
nanotubes, strawlike tubes of carbon.
The carbon
nanotubes served as one
electrode and the lithium metal the other.
Laid down in thin films, randomly oriented carbon
nanotubes form conductive networks that can serve as
electrodes; patterned and layered films can function as sensors or transistors.
Carbon
nanotube above a photonic crystal waveguide with
electrodes.
For cathode
electrodes, they embedded NMC — lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide — in the
nanotubes, causing the nanoparticles to become very conductive.
In 1999, a group led by Mathieu Kociak and Helene Bouchiat at the University of Paris, South, in Orsay, France, reported in Science (28 May 1999, p. 1508) that ropes of 100 or so
nanotubes could carry supercurrent between two superconducting
electrodes.
They've combined
nanotubes and nanorods in such a way that they can aid battery charging while reducing swelling and shrinking that leads to
electrodes with shortened lifetimes.
They chose a rod shape because they thought that would integrate well with the nanowires and curvatures of
nanotubes, wrapping around them to create a robust electrode.The unusually long and very flexible strands of the nanomaterials are crucial to the superior features of the
electrodes.
FAMU - FSU College of Engineering doctoral candidate Joshua DeGraff developed an advanced class of scalable motion sensors using silver ink
electrodes and sheets of pure carbon
nanotube buckypaper.
NREL's most recent contribution toward much - improved batteries are high - performance, binder - free, carbon -
nanotube - based
electrodes.
At the annual meeting of the American Physical Society and in the 12 March issue of Physical Review Letters, Kociak and his colleagues at the French national research agency CNRS and the Russian Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka showed that empty
nanotubes can also carry electron pairs between nonsuperconducting
electrodes (in this case, metal pads made from a sandwich of aluminum oxide, platinum, and gold).
Another advantage of ice lithography is that ice is transparent, so researchers could see where to remove sections of the mask so that the
electrodes ended up precisely aligned with the
nanotubes below.
The resulting cluster of
nanotubes, fused to two palladium
electrodes, acted as a transistor.
Fine - tuning becomes critically important as materials scientists test more 2 - D materials like graphene and
nanotubes for use as
electrodes.
The
nanotubes drastically increase the surface area of the ultracapacitor
electrode, allowing it to hold 20 times as much energy.
The
electrodes are a polymeric matrix filled with carbon
nanotubes and infused with ionic liquids.
The team fabricated simple devices consisting of a carbon
nanotube bridging two
electrodes.
In that earlier work, the group designed tiny rubber pillars containing electrically conductive carbon
nanotubes, which were placed over a pair of
electrodes side by side.
A better alternative would be thinner, softer
electrodes such as carbon
nanotubes, a thousandth of the diameter of regular wires.
The scientists discovered a technology that produced a sulfur - carbon
nanotube substance that created more conductivity on one
electrode, and a nanomaterial coating to create stability for the other.
The researchers demonstrated how this could be applied by moving the nanofibre from the
nanotube surface onto a set of
electrodes to test its electrical properties.
Conversely, researchers using carbon
nanotube or graphene
electrodes have subsequently reported that the switches become stuck in the «on» position.
In this application, a
nanotube film with an array of
electrodes can be used as an electrically configurable diffraction grating for an infrared spectrometer, allowing the wavelength of light to be scanned without moving parts.
In the journal Review of Scientific Instruments [abstract], from AIP Publishing, the researchers detail the fabrication and optimization of the device, which is based on a phosphor screen and single - walled carbon
nanotubes as
electrodes in a diode structure.
Graphene neural
electrodes deliver the best of both worlds (Nov 2014) Tiniest bioprobe breaks new size record (Jan 2014)
Nanotubes help turn stem cells into cartilage (Sep 2013)
Research at the PPPL Laboratory for Plasma Nanosynthesis develops new insight into the use of plasma to synthesize nanomaterials — particles such as carbon
nanotubes that are measured in billionths of a meter, are found in everything from swimwear to
electrodes and have a tensile strength, or resistance to breaking when stretched, that is stronger than steel.