It will be up to the
individual national central banks to purchase the remaining 80 %, and those countries will be responsible for the risks involved with holding those assets.
Mastercard stated that it is willing to use cryptocurrencies that are backed up
by national central banks in the future, while still considering all others «junk», reported The Financial Times.
Mastercard stated that it is willing to use cryptocurrencies that are backed up by
national central banks in the future, while still considering all others «junk», reported...
In the periphery, the new stimulus package will
force national central banks to adapt by cutting rates, and possibly extending their own easing programs.
• Risk - sharing: details on how bond purchases will work
through national central banks will work and who takes on the risk of the assets — Frankfurt or member states?
Point 3 seems to state that the central bank of a common currency area could work more efficient and be more credible when it is independent, compared to
national central banks which may be controlled by the government.
In a further compromise, some of the risk from bond buying will be taken by the European Central Bank and some
by national central banks.
The ECB makes governments unable to finance their spending by central banks of their own Introduction of the euro in 1999 explicitly prevented the ECB or
any national central bank from financing government deficits.
There has been speculation that the European Central Bank may try to address German concerns by delegating bond purchases to
the national central banks, which in theory would absorb any losses.
Critics say delegating to
the national central banks would undermine the idea of a single currency with a strong central bank.
However, I don't think that provision of the plan should significantly impact
the national central banks because they have the ability to hold securities, even if the securities are trading at a loss, until maturity.
Those deposits have, in turn, been lent to
the National Central Banks of current account deficit countries through an ECB mechanism called TARGET 2.
The pro-rata shares of the ECB would be handed back to
the national central banks, and the ECB dissolved.
The national central banks would then be capable of pursuing the interests of their own nations.
Many of the Eurozone nations would have to support their banks during such a crisis for solvency reasons, but
their national central banks would once again have the freedom to do this.
The programme was supposed to apply «temporarily» but without an explicit limitation in time, and allowed
both national central banks and the ECB to buy on the secondary market eligible marketable debt instruments issued by the central governments or public entities of the Member States whose currency is the Euro; as well as on the primary and secondary markets eligible marketable debt instruments issued by private entities incorporated in the Euro area.
Thus OMTs are open market operations performed by the ECB and
national central banks.
If the Court of Justice finds that
a national central bank has failed to fulfil an obligation under this Treaty, that bank shall be required to take the necessary measures to comply with the judgment of the Court of Justice.
If
the national central bank concerned does not comply with the opinion within the period laid down by the ECB, the latter may bring the matter before the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Right now, we look at them as akin to remittance companies,» deputy governor of
the national Central Bank Nestor Espenilla said.