The second part of the course will explore
national climate and energy policy approaches of key countries, with an objective to learn lessons from experiences with different public policy instruments and emission reduction projects.
Carbon pricing instruments are a policy option that a growing number of countries and regions are utilizing to implement new and complement existing
national climate and energy policies and to achieve emission reductions.
Not exact matches
However, the Pan Canadian Framework on Clean Growth
and Climate Change lays out a number of
policies that will compel more clean tech innovation in Canada, he said, including a price on pollution with a carbon price, to be in place across Canada by the start of next year, as well as a promised
national clean fuels strategy, better
energy efficiency standards
and limits on greenhouse gases like methane.
The Institute of
Energy and Climate Change Policy (IECP) has said it will be difficult for the governing National Democratic Congress (NDC) to achieve its 2016 manifesto target in the energy sector in the next four
Energy and Climate Change
Policy (IECP) has said it will be difficult for the governing
National Democratic Congress (NDC) to achieve its 2016 manifesto target in the
energy sector in the next four
energy sector in the next four years.
A look at China's recent progress on
climate and energy shows that China has indeed made strides in both —
policies its officials here say are in the country's own
national interest.
He lingered on the issue in a speech filled with snap references to
national priorities, devoting more time to the interwoven
policies of
climate,
energy and environmental hazards than to war, deficits
and immigration.
The Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory seeks solutions in areas of
climate policy, renewable
energy integration
and electric vehicles
If the
National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
and director of the White House Office of
Energy and Climate Change
Policy, Carol Browner, are to be believed, those microbes have made quick work of the spill, consuming as much as 50 percent of the remaining oil already.
Gelbspan condemns corporate indifference to
climate change as «a crime against humanity»
and indicts the Bush administration for allowing the fossil - fuel lobby to dictate
national energy policy.
From a
climate policy perspective, the bill can be seen as part of the Conservative ongoing effort to 1) gut environmental assessments
and scientific research; 2) attack ENGOs that disagree with government
policy to promote unfettered development of the oil sands;
and 3) to sideline
and even eliminate inconvenient advisory bodies like the
National Roundtable on
Energy and the Environment.
James A. Edmonds • Member, IPCC Steering Committee on «New Integrated Scenarios» (2006 - present) • Lead Author, Working Group III, «Framing Issues,» IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) • Lead Author, Working Group III, «Global, Regional,
and National Costs
and Ancillary Benefits of Mitigation,» IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) • Lead Author, Working Group III, «Decision - Making Frameworks,» IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) • Lead Author, Working Group III, Summary for
Policy Makers, IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) • Lead Author, Working Group II, «
Energy Supply Mitigation Options,» IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) • Lead Author, Working Group II, «Mitigation: Cross-Sectoral
and Other Issues,» IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) • Lead Author, Working Group III, «Estimating the Costs of Mitigating Greenhouse Gases,» IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) • Lead Author, Working Group III, «A Review of Mitigation Cost Studies,» IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) • Lead Author, Working Group III, «Integrated Assessment of
Climate Change: An Overview
and Comparison of Approaches
and Results,» IPCC Second Assessment Report (1996) • Lead Author, IPCC Special Report,
Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of
Climate Change
and An Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios (1994) • Lead Author, IPCC Special Report,
Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment (1992) • Major contributor, IPCC First Assessment Report, Working Group III, Response Strategies Working Group (1991).
Executive Member,
Energy Change Institute; Researcher at Centre for
Climate Law
and Policy, ANU College of Law, Australian
National University
In 2014, Hayward, along with Edwards S. Briggs
and Donald K. Forbes, published the report
Climate Change,
Energy Policy,
and National Power.
I sent a host of
climate and energy specialists my post on the «America's Climate Choices» reports from the National Academies and the first response comes from Mike Hulme, a professor of climate studies at the University of East Anglia and author of «Why We Disagree About Climate Change» and the recent «Hartwell Paper» on climate
climate and energy specialists my post on the «America's
Climate Choices» reports from the National Academies and the first response comes from Mike Hulme, a professor of climate studies at the University of East Anglia and author of «Why We Disagree About Climate Change» and the recent «Hartwell Paper» on climate
Climate Choices» reports from the
National Academies
and the first response comes from Mike Hulme, a professor of
climate studies at the University of East Anglia and author of «Why We Disagree About Climate Change» and the recent «Hartwell Paper» on climate
climate studies at the University of East Anglia
and author of «Why We Disagree About
Climate Change» and the recent «Hartwell Paper» on climate
Climate Change»
and the recent «Hartwell Paper» on
climate climate policy.
Clearly, my first months will center on what a Trump administration might do at the
national and international scale to
climate and energy policies and relevant funding.
I'll try to convey to the folks back home that any money that will come from the Cancun agreements is not only for specific
climate change mitigation or adaptation projects but also providing us a chance to rethink
and revise our
national agricutural,
energy,
and land use
policies.
Rather, the real choice is between regulatory chaos
and legislation that fixes the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Air Act,
and the
National Environmental
Policy Act so that pro-Kyoto litigation groups can not use those statutes for a purpose that Congress never intended — to dictate climate and energy policy for the n
Policy Act so that pro-Kyoto litigation groups can not use those statutes for a purpose that Congress never intended — to dictate
climate and energy policy for the n
policy for the nation.
As debates over
national and global
climate and energy policy continue to drag out, there's been an intensifying exploration of
climate miscommunication among those seeking concrete actions that will make a noticeable difference in the atmosphere someday.
How do you handle the idea of diving into science at the heart of heated,
and relentless, tussles over global
and national energy and climate policy?
I would have had no need, in my initial print story on the affair last December, to seek a comment from Patrick J. Michaels — a climatologist who speaks
and writes on
energy and climate policy for the Cato Institute, which fights most regulatory solutions to environmental problems — if Benjamin Santer of the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, using his government e-mail account, had not vented to colleagues on October 9, 2009, in this way: Read more...
Let's just hope domestic political squabbles — cough, complete
and utter inability to enact meaningful
national renewable
energy and climate policies, even if not EPA's fault at all, cough — doesn't reduce that aspiration in practice to polluting corporation's lowest common denominator.
A new paper in
Climate Policy, «Energy research within the UNFCCC: A proposal to guard against ongoing climate - deadlock,» cites the need and proposes that research commitments be included in national pledges under the climate
Climate Policy, «
Energy research within the UNFCCC: A proposal to guard against ongoing
climate - deadlock,» cites the need and proposes that research commitments be included in national pledges under the climate
climate - deadlock,» cites the need
and proposes that research commitments be included in
national pledges under the
climate climate treaty.
-- Scaling - up the Renewable
Energy Program — to offer policy support and technical assistance to low - income countries under the World Bank's Strategic Climate Fund, with the aim of advancing national renewable energy projects and covering capital costs associated with renewable energy invest
Energy Program — to offer
policy support
and technical assistance to low - income countries under the World Bank's Strategic
Climate Fund, with the aim of advancing
national renewable
energy projects and covering capital costs associated with renewable energy invest
energy projects
and covering capital costs associated with renewable
energy invest
energy investments.
U.S.
energy policy that supports oil
and natural gas can help the U.S. meet
national energy, economic
and climate goals.
We would argue that global climatic disruption will make these relationships even more crucial as the ever - escalating
climate change impacts permeate issues of economic security,
national and international security,
national energy policy, environmental
and natural resource management
and protection,
and so on.
Although Gov. Jerry Brown isn't involved in decisions on the five proposed coal facilities, he could lend his influence to the debate as governor of the most economically powerful state in the country
and the
national leader on clean
energy and climate policy.
A request from President - elect Donald Trump's transition team to the Department of
Energy for the names of all federal
and national laboratory employees working on
climate policy has many who study
climate change at the nation's
national laboratories unsettled, according to a DOE spokesman.
In the context of EU
climate and energy policy, governance refers to the procedural
and institutional arrangements put in place at EU
and national levels to achieve resilient
energy policy and ambitious
climate policy.
The EU's unilateral
climate policy is absurd: first consumers are forced to pay ever increasing subsidies for costly wind
and solar
energy; secondly they are asked to subsidise nuclear
energy too; then, thirdly, they are forced to pay increasingly uneconomic coal
and gas plants to back up power needed by intermittent wind
and solar
energy; fourthly, consumers are additionally hit by multi-billion subsidies that become necessary to upgrade the
national grids; fifthly, the cost of power is made even more expensive by adding a unilateral Emissions Trading Scheme.
Today we are releasing the first of four reports from our latest
national survey on Americans»
climate change
and energy beliefs, attitudes,
policy support,
and behavior.
IEA Reviews US
National Energy Policy, Stresses US Leadership Role
and Encourages Legislation on
Climate Change 30 April 2002
Arvizu serves on a number of Boards, Panels
and Advisory Committees including the American Council on Renewable
Energy Advisory Board; the
Energy Research, Development,
and Deployment
Policy Project Advisory Committee at the Harvard Kennedy School; the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Alternative
Energies; the Singapore Clean
Energy International Advisory Panel; the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change Working Group III; the Hispanic Engineer
National Achievement Award Corporation;
and the Colorado Renewable
Energy Authority Board of Directors.
Sen. Boxer — Time TBD — Hoover Institution, Reason Foundation, Pacific Research Institute Sen. Coons — Time TBD (or Monday)-- Group TBD Sen. Schatz — 5 pm — Center for Study of Carbon Dioxide
and Global Change, Heartland Institute Sen. Franken — 5:15 pm — Heritage Foundation Sen. Warren — 5:30 pm — Science
and Public
Policy Institute Sen. Heinrich — 5:45 pm — American Legislative Exchange Council Sen. Shaheen — 6 pm — Competitive Enterprise Institute,
Energy and Environmental Legal Institute Sen. Reed — around 6 pm — SEC
climate change disclosures and the dangers of climate change denial from a national security perspective Sen. Markey — 6 pm to 6:30 pm — Acton Institute, George C. Marshall Institute, Lexington Institute, Global Climate Coalition Sen. Peters — 6:30 pm — Cato Institute Sen. Blumenthal — Time TBD — Americans for Prosperity, American Legislative Exchange Council Sen. Whitehouse — Time TBD — The Advancement of Sound Science Center, Chamber of Commerce, Committee for Constructive Tomorrow, Franklin Center for Government and Policy Integrity, James Madison Institute, John Locke Foundation, Locke In
climate change disclosures
and the dangers of
climate change denial from a national security perspective Sen. Markey — 6 pm to 6:30 pm — Acton Institute, George C. Marshall Institute, Lexington Institute, Global Climate Coalition Sen. Peters — 6:30 pm — Cato Institute Sen. Blumenthal — Time TBD — Americans for Prosperity, American Legislative Exchange Council Sen. Whitehouse — Time TBD — The Advancement of Sound Science Center, Chamber of Commerce, Committee for Constructive Tomorrow, Franklin Center for Government and Policy Integrity, James Madison Institute, John Locke Foundation, Locke In
climate change denial from a
national security perspective Sen. Markey — 6 pm to 6:30 pm — Acton Institute, George C. Marshall Institute, Lexington Institute, Global
Climate Coalition Sen. Peters — 6:30 pm — Cato Institute Sen. Blumenthal — Time TBD — Americans for Prosperity, American Legislative Exchange Council Sen. Whitehouse — Time TBD — The Advancement of Sound Science Center, Chamber of Commerce, Committee for Constructive Tomorrow, Franklin Center for Government and Policy Integrity, James Madison Institute, John Locke Foundation, Locke In
Climate Coalition Sen. Peters — 6:30 pm — Cato Institute Sen. Blumenthal — Time TBD — Americans for Prosperity, American Legislative Exchange Council Sen. Whitehouse — Time TBD — The Advancement of Sound Science Center, Chamber of Commerce, Committee for Constructive Tomorrow, Franklin Center for Government
and Policy Integrity, James Madison Institute, John Locke Foundation, Locke Institute
It is because of such complications that the
National Commission on
Energy Policy concluded in its December, 2004, report «Ending The
Energy Stalemate» («ETES») that «hydrogen offers little to no potential to improve oil security
and reduce
climate change risks in the next twenty years.»
C40 Cities
Climate Leadership Group, 12 California, 7, 68, 102, 128, 169 - 170, 187, 196, 232 - 234, 245 California
Energy Commission, 232 Cambridge Media Environment Programme (CMEP), 167 - 168 Cambridge University, 102 Cameron, David, 11, 24, 218 Cameroon, 25 Campbell, Philip, 165 Canada, 22, 32, 64, 111, 115, 130, 134, 137, 156 - 157, 166, 169, 177, 211, 222, 224 - 226, 230, 236, 243 Canadian Meteorological
and Oceanographic Society (CMOS), 15 Cap -
and - trade, 20, 28, 40 - 41, 44, 170, 175 allowances (permits), 41 - 42, 176, 243 Capitalism, 34 - 35, 45 Capps, Lois, 135 Car (see vehicle) Carbon, 98, 130 Carbon Capture
and Storage (CCS), 192 Carbon Capture
and Storage Association, 164 Carbon credits (offsets), 28 - 29, 42 - 43, 45 Carbon Cycle, 80 - 82 Carbon dioxide (CO2), 9, 18, 23, 49 - 51, 53, 55, 66 - 67, 72 - 89, 91, 98 - 99, 110, 112, 115, 118, 128 - 132, 137, 139, 141 - 144, 152, 240 emissions, 12, 18 - 25, 28 - 30, 32 - 33, 36 - 38, 41 - 44, 47, 49, 53, 55, 71 - 72, 74, 77 - 78, 81 - 82, 108 - 109, 115, 132, 139, 169, 186, 199 - 201, 203 - 204, 209 - 211, 214, 217, 219, 224, 230 - 231, 238, 241, 243 - 244 Carbon Dioxide Analysis Center, 19 Carbon Expo, 42 Carbon, footprint, 3, 13, 29, 35, 41, 45, 110, 132 tax, 20, 44, 170 trading, 13, 20, 40, 43, 44, 176, 182 Carbon monoxide (CO), 120 Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC), 44 Carlin, George, 17 Carter, Bob, 63 Carter, Jimmy, 186, 188 Cato Institute, 179 CBS, 141, 146 Center for Disease Control, 174 Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide
and Global Change, 62, 139 Centre for
Policy Studies, 219 CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), 96 Chavez, Hugo, 34 Chicago Tribune, 146 China, 29, 32 - 33, 60 - 62, 120, 169, 176, 187 - 188, 211, 216, 225 - 226, 242 - 243 China's
National Population
and Planning Commission, 33 Chinese Academy of Sciences, 60 Chirac, Jacques, 36 Chlorofluorocarbons, 42 - 43, 50 Choi, Yong - Sang, 88 Christy, John, 105 Churchill, Winston, 214, 220 Chu, Steven, 187 Citibank (Citigroup), 40, 176 Clean Air Act, 85, 128 - 129 Clean Development Mechanism, 42
Climate Action Partnership, 14
Climate alarm, 4, 13, 21, 32, 35, 38, 56, 102 - 103, 115 - 117, 120, 137, 156, 168, 173, 182
Climate Audit, 66
Climate change, adaptation, 39, 110, 112 mitigation, 16, 39, 110
Climate Change
and the Failure of Democracy, 34
Climate Change: Picturing the Science, 121
Climate Change Reconsidered, 242
Climate conference, 38 Cancun, 18, 29, 36 - 37, 124 - 125, 242 Copenhagen, 33, 36, 109, 125, 156, 158, 175, 241 - 242 Durban, 13, 36 - 37, 166, 242 - 243 Climategate, 2, 67, 152, 158 - 170, 180, 182, 242
Climate Protection Agreement, 12
Climate Research Unit (CRU), 48, 67, 120, 147, 152 - 153, 158 - 160, 162 - 163, 165 - 167, 169
Climate Science Register, 142 Climatism, definition, 2, 7 Clinton, Bill, 176, 178 Clinton Global Initiative, 176 CLOUD project, 96 Club of Rome, 21, 186 CO2Science, 59, 61 - 62, 66, 131 Coal, 19 - 20, 39 - 41, 80, 126, 128 - 129, 175, 185 - 186, 188 - 190, 192 - 196, 199 - 201, 209, 214, 217, 219, 222, 229 Coase, Ronald, 145 Coca - Cola, 138 Cogley, Graham, 156 Cohen, David, 220 Colorado State University, 117, 181 Columbia University, 7 Columbus, Christopher, 58 Computer models, 16, 51 - 53, 56, 67, 72, 74,77 - 79, 82, 87, 89 - 91, 94, 105, 110 - 111, 120, 124, 138 - 140, 168, 171,173, 181, 238, 240, 246 Conference on the Changing Atmosphere, 15 Consensus, scientific, 12 Copenhagen Business School, 134 Coral, 53 Corporate Average Fuel Economy, 22 - 23 Cosmic Rays, 72, 93 - 99, 180 Credit Suisse, 176 Crow, Cheryl, 30 Crowley, Tom, 167 Cuadrilla Resources, 224 - 225 Curry, Judith, 164, 167 Cycles, natural, 3, 16, 57, 62 - 63, 66 - 69, 72, 80, 99, 103, 138, 238, 240 Milankovich, 62, 67, 80 Cyprus, 134 Czech Republic, 12, 37
The more people «see happy others conserve
energy... the more they are inclined to support ambitious
climate policies on local, state,
and national levels.»
The
energy sector
and other industry sectors often have significant emission reduction obligations under
national climate policies.
This «Inside Story on
Climate Compatible Development» tracks issues that arose with regard to decentralised renewable
energy planning in West Nusa Tenggara in order to inform subnational
and national energy policies and strategies in the future.
• We support the provision in H.R. 2454, the American Clean
Energy and Security Act passed by the House in June 2009, for a 2 - year interagency planning process, led by the Office of Science
and Technology
Policy, to develop a proposal for the structure
and functions of a
National Climate Service.
Molly Walsh,
climate justice
and energy campaigner at Friends of the Earth Europe, said: «The proposed renewables target represents barely more than business - as - usual
and will send a dangerous signal to
national governments that EU renewables
policy is being abandoned.
Research groups (MIT, RTI,
and the Department of
Energy's Pacific Northwest
National Laboratories [PNNL]-RRB- have also analyzed the economic impacts of a generic comprehensive, economy - wide
climate policy to reduce GHG emissions 50 - 80 % by the year 2050.
Energy security, climate and environmental concerns are strong drivers of national energy pol
Energy security,
climate and environmental concerns are strong drivers of
national energy pol
energy policies.
Geothermal Seonaid Vass Director, Renewable
Energy Low Carbon Technologies Legislative and policy drivers EU Priorities - EU Energy Efficiency Directive - Obligation on each Member State to set an indicative national energy efficiency target Scottish Government Targets - Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 — Reduce energy / 2014 — Sheraton Hotel, Edinburgh B2B matchmaking (pre-arranged networking) Exhibition Seminars Drinks reception International delegations — Sweden, Denmark Site visits, 19 Nov 2014 &md
Energy Low Carbon Technologies Legislative
and policy drivers EU Priorities - EU
Energy Efficiency Directive - Obligation on each Member State to set an indicative national energy efficiency target Scottish Government Targets - Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 — Reduce energy / 2014 — Sheraton Hotel, Edinburgh B2B matchmaking (pre-arranged networking) Exhibition Seminars Drinks reception International delegations — Sweden, Denmark Site visits, 19 Nov 2014 &md
Energy Efficiency Directive - Obligation on each Member State to set an indicative
national energy efficiency target Scottish Government Targets - Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 — Reduce energy / 2014 — Sheraton Hotel, Edinburgh B2B matchmaking (pre-arranged networking) Exhibition Seminars Drinks reception International delegations — Sweden, Denmark Site visits, 19 Nov 2014 &md
energy efficiency target Scottish Government Targets -
Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 — Reduce
energy / 2014 — Sheraton Hotel, Edinburgh B2B matchmaking (pre-arranged networking) Exhibition Seminars Drinks reception International delegations — Sweden, Denmark Site visits, 19 Nov 2014 &md
energy / 2014 — Sheraton Hotel, Edinburgh B2B matchmaking (pre-arranged networking) Exhibition Seminars Drinks reception International delegations — Sweden, Denmark Site visits, 19 Nov 2014 — /
The possible components of such an approach that would be relevant in the context of
climate change include: a
national renewable electricity standard; Federal financing for clean
energy projects:
energy efficiency measures (building, appliance,
and industrial efficiency standards; home retrofit subsidies;
and smart grid standards, subsidies,
and dynamic pricing
policies);
and new Federal electricity ‑ transmission siting authority.
Democrats recognize the importance of
climate leadership at the local level
and know that achieving our
national clean
energy goals requires an active partnership with states, cities,
and rural communities where so much of our country's
energy policy is made.
Dr. Romm helped lead the administration's
climate technology
policy formulation,
and initiated, supervised,
and publicized a comprehensive technical analysis by five
national laboratories of how
energy technologies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions at low - cost: Scenarios of U.S. Carbon Reductions.
Title XVI:
Climate Change - Subtitle A: National Climate Change Technology Deployment -(Sec. 1601) Amends the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to direct the President to establish a Committee on Climate Change Technology to: (1) integrate current federal climate reports; and (2) coordinate federal climate change technology activities and programs carried out in furtherance of a national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas int
Climate Change - Subtitle A:
National Climate Change Technology Deployment -(Sec. 1601) Amends the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to direct the President to establish a Committee on Climate Change Technology to: (1) integrate current federal climate reports; and (2) coordinate federal climate change technology activities and programs carried out in furtherance of a national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas in
National Climate Change Technology Deployment -(Sec. 1601) Amends the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to direct the President to establish a Committee on Climate Change Technology to: (1) integrate current federal climate reports; and (2) coordinate federal climate change technology activities and programs carried out in furtherance of a national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas int
Climate Change Technology Deployment -(Sec. 1601) Amends the
Energy Policy Act of 1992 to direct the President to establish a Committee on
Climate Change Technology to: (1) integrate current federal climate reports; and (2) coordinate federal climate change technology activities and programs carried out in furtherance of a national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas int
Climate Change Technology to: (1) integrate current federal
climate reports; and (2) coordinate federal climate change technology activities and programs carried out in furtherance of a national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas int
climate reports;
and (2) coordinate federal
climate change technology activities and programs carried out in furtherance of a national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas int
climate change technology activities
and programs carried out in furtherance of a
national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas in
national strategy the Committee shall develop to promote technologies
and practices that reduce greenhouse gas intensity.
«(B) other activities to provide coordination
and integration of
national energy and climate policy;
and
China's
energy and climate change policy is based on its own assessment of national interest as outlined both in its 2007 National Climate Change Program and 2008 Climate Change White
climate change
policy is based on its own assessment of
national interest as outlined both in its 2007 National Climate Change Program and 2008 Climate Change Whit
national interest as outlined both in its 2007
National Climate Change Program and 2008 Climate Change Whit
National Climate Change Program and 2008 Climate Change White
Climate Change Program
and 2008
Climate Change White
Climate Change White Paper.
President Hu Jintao (pictured right) of China announced that China will build on existing domestic
climate change policies as embodied in its National Climate Change Programme and current Five Year Plan to step up its efforts on energy efficiency, development of low - carbon energy such as renewables and nuclear, and increase of forestry
climate change
policies as embodied in its
National Climate Change Programme and current Five Year Plan to step up its efforts on energy efficiency, development of low - carbon energy such as renewables and nuclear, and increase of forestry
Climate Change Programme
and current Five Year Plan to step up its efforts on
energy efficiency, development of low - carbon
energy such as renewables
and nuclear,
and increase of forestry cover.