Not exact matches
If CO2
emissions reductions are moderately reduced in line with current
national pledges under the Paris Climate Agreement, biomass plantations implemented by mid-century to extract remaining excess CO2 from the air still would have to be enormous.
The numerous rules will address issues such as how countries will track and report their
emissions and have them verified, all in a transparent way; how countries will be required to communicate their future
emissions -
reduction plans as well as their
pledges for funding adaptation efforts; and if and how market mechanisms, such as
emissions trading between countries, will be applied to
national targets.
This technical document provides the following information: - An update of global greenhouse gas
emission estimates, based on a number of different authoritative scientific sources; - An overview of
national emission levels, both current (2010) and projected (2020) consistent with current
pledges and other commitments; - An estimate of the level of global
emissions consistent with the two degree target in 2020, 2030 and 2050; - An update of the assessment of the «
emissions gap» for 2020; - A review of selected examples of the rapid progress being made in different parts of the world to implement policies already leading to substantial
emission reductions and how they can be scaled up and replicated in other countries, with the view to bridging the
emissions gap.
This technical document presents the latest estimates of the
emissions gap in 2020 and provides plentiful information, including about current (2010) and projected (2020) levels of global greenhouse gas
emissions, both in the absence of additional policies and consistent with
national pledge implementation; the implications of starting decided
emission reductions now or in the coming decades; agricultural development policies that can help increase yields, reduce fertilizer usage and bring about other benefits, while reducing
emissions of greenhouse gases; and, international cooperative initiatives that, while potentially overlapping with
pledges, can complement them and help bridge the
emissions gap.
However, a rise of 3.5 degrees — likely to occur if
national emissions reductions remain at currently
pledged levels — would affect 11 % of the world population, while a rise of 5 degrees could increase this to 13 %.
To back up its
pledges, Mexico included in its formal submission the following instruments: a
national strategy on climate change, carbon tax,
national emissions and
emissions reductions registry, energy reform laws and regulations, and on - going process for new set of standards and regulations.
However, current
national emissions -
reduction pledges appear to be insufficient to keep global warming below 2 °C [2].
First, the
national pledges of action that countries — northern and southern, large and small — have committed to deliver to the UN Secretariat, the
pledges in which they lay out their
emission -
reduction action plans, have to get a whole lot easier to read and compare and interpret.
The commitments to
emissions reductions, which will be included in the Accord by the end of January (but can already be surprised from
national pledges), would allow warming to reach at least 3 °C above pre-industrial levels, according to the best available science (and according to a leaked UN document).
The specter here is the emergence of a framework of mere «
pledge and review» or «shame and blame» whereby parties are not bound to
emission reductions, nor potentially penalized if they fail to meet them, but only committed to the
national actions they are willing to take without any international oversight.