That meant, for example, traveling the globe to the various
natural emissions sources — such as wetlands and land seeps — and conducting measurements and calculations of the methane emitted.
Not exact matches
Regardless of whether the fuel
source is coal, gasoline, diesel,
natural gas, or propane the tax doesn't discriminate, levying a $ 30 per tonne charge on
emissions from all carbon fuels.
Canadian liquefied
natural gas can lower global greenhouse gas
emissions if it displaces dirtier
sources of power abroad, according to a new C.D. Howe Institute report.
All these requests for solar power projects — among other
sources of cleaner energy, such as wind or
natural gas — are bringing LIPA in accordance with its Electric Resource Plan 2010 - 2020, which called for reducing
emissions by 20 percent below 2005 levels by the year 2020, and by 80 percent by the year 2050, benchmarks set by former Governor David Paterson.
Electricity has historically been the chief
source of CO2
emissions, but shifts from coal to lower - carbon fuels, especially
natural gas, have shrunk its share of the total carbon dioxide pie in recent years.
«I think states recognize transportation
emissions are a leading
source of
emissions that need to be tackled,» said Luke Tonachel, director of the clean vehicles and fuels project at the
Natural Resources Defense Council.
While this is a good way to get total
emissions of methane in a remote location where the main
source of the gas is
natural gas production, it is not a good way to pin
emissions down to any one well, gathering or processing activity in the basin.
Second, analysis of isotopes, which can distinguish among
sources of
emissions, demonstrates that the majority of the increase in carbon dioxide comes from combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil and
natural gas).
A team of researchers from the Cockrell School of Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin and environmental testing firm URS reports that a small subset of
natural gas wells are responsible for the majority of methane
emissions from two major
sources — liquid unloadings and pneumatic controller equipment — at
natural gas production sites.
«New study measures methane
emissions from
natural gas production and offers insights into two large
sources.»
Engineers also are considering deploying the technology on other
sources of
emissions, such as
natural gas plants.
A new study provides one of the first quantitative estimates of the methane leak rate from the blowout of a
natural gas well in California in 2015, suggesting that
emissions from this event temporarily doubled those from all other
sources in the entire Los Angeles Basin, including landfills, dairies, and other leaks.
«Heavy - petroleum fuels raising vanadium
emissions: Human
emissions of potentially harmful vanadium particles into Earth's atmosphere now exceed those from all
natural sources combined..»
This stability in methane levels had led scientists to believe that
emissions of the gas from
natural sources like livestock and wetlands, as well as from human activities like coal and gas production, were balanced by the rate of destruction of methane in the atmosphere.
«Global deployment of advanced
natural gas production technology could double or triple the global
natural gas production by 2050, but greenhouse gas
emissions will continue to grow in the absence of climate policies that promote lower carbon energy
sources.»
The precursors of acid rain formation result from both
natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and human - made
sources, primarily
emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide resulting from fossil fuel combustion.
«Every tonne of greenhouse gas that we emit leads to additional
emissions from
natural sources such as methane bubbles,» says Kosten.
The results suggest that abundant
natural gas will make little difference in lowering U.S. greenhouse gas
emissions through 2055, because it will compete with and displace renewable energy
sources.
Natural sources of
emissions such as volcanoes can been seen from space and it seems obvious that there output has been neglected in determining the amount of carbon going into the air at an given time.
«If we want
natural gas to be the cleanest fossil fuel
source, methane
emissions have to be reduced,» says Gabrielle Pétron, an atmospheric scientist at NOAA and at the University of Colorado in Boulder, and first author on the study, currently in press at the Journal of Geophysical Research.
Concentrations in the atmosphere have crept up since 2007, but during the same period, methane
emissions from human activities and
natural sources have remained stable or even fallen slightly, both studies suggest.
These gases come from human activities such as combustion of coal and oil as well as
natural sources such as
emissions from plants.
This rapid turnover means that even if human activity was directly adding or removing significant amounts of water vapour (it isn't), there would be no slow build - up of water vapour as is happening with CO2 (see Climate myths: Human CO2
emissions are tiny compared with
natural sources).
Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has
natural as well as anthropogenic
sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant
emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.
Also do not forget that at some point
natural sources of carbon may overtake anthropogenic
emissions, and then the point is moot.
It says IPCC ignores
natural sources of
emissions and the focus is on fossil fuel
emissions.
The study found that
natural gas end use
sources — like gas meters, furnaces, boilers and hot water heaters — as well as landfills, are responsible for a large portion of urban methane
emissions.
Natural astronomical masers — the analog of laser
emission at microwave wavelengths — are one class of coherent
sources, but these emit in specific wavelengths.
Methane
emissions from fossil fuel industry and
natural geological leakage are up to 110 per cent greater than current estimates, according to a detailed analysis of methane
sources published in Nature this week.
The EPA's most recent geenhouse gas inventories show that
natural gas production and distribution is the second largest
source of methane
emissions nationwide, just behind methane
emissions from livestock.
This work presents direct measurements of methane
emissions from multiple
sources at onshore
natural gas production sites incorporating operational practices that have been adopted or become more prevalent since the 1990s.
We start by using only
natural reclaimed paper fibers
sourced locally to reduce products going into landfills and to keep carbon
emissions to a minimum.
Since the fossil fuel based carbon
emission is known, others must be compensated by the
natural sources.
There are other factors (changes in the
natural sources of
emissions in a warmed environment, changes in the function of traditional carbon sinks in a warmed environment, tipping points like increase forest fire activity in a warmed environment, etc.) that also play a significant role in the truly important number, which is accumulation of CO2 / e in the atmosphere and ocean acidification.
However the estimates of
natural CH4
sources are all quite uncertain — with the main constraint being on the total
emissions, not individual
sources.
If we have some time to prepare, the combination of lowering all the discussed
emissions, utilizing current technology to implement alternative energy
sources, and engineering new twists on said technology to both continue lowering
emissions and adapting to global climate changes as well, we may be able to guide our response sets to outside, artificial selective pressures in conjunction with
natural ones;
natural, internal variability and external forcings / feedbacks.
While the researchers found that
emissions from a critical stage of well construction — «completions» — are far lower than regulators had estimated, they pinpointed an important under - appreciated
source of escaping gas — pneumatic devices powered by the pressure of the extracted
natural gas.
The nation's largest single
source of methane
emissions is the vast network of infrastructure, including wells, pipelines and storage facilities, that supplies U.S.
natural gas.
UT's peer - reviewed study, the first work published in this overall series, reports data from
emission sources from
natural gas production — the first part of the supply chain.
According to [Steve] Hamburg, UT's low well
emissions finding indicates an early phase - in of EPA's New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS), which requires all new fractured
natural gas wells to either burn - off or use «green completions» (an
emissions control method that routes excess gas to sales), is working.
Were that the case then the true difference of temperature change between the
natural level of say 240 ppm and the 330ppm of the 1950's would likely have to of been
sourced somewhere other then fossil fuel
emissions.
The best way to answer your question is by saying the current net annual carbon increase in the atmosphere is ~ 2.5 ppm / year + / - after taking into consideration all
sources of
emissions both man made and
natural, and all
sources of sequestration, both man made and
natural.
«Similarly, a small group of
sources within these two categories are responsible for the vast majority of pneumatic and unloading
emissions at
natural gas production sites.»
The success of the industry in reducing methane
emissions is clear:
Natural gas production has surged to record levels, yet methane
emissions from those
sources has declined.
Abundant, affordable,
natural gas — which last year became the No. 1 fuel
source for power generation — is the chief reason U.S. carbon
emissions from the power sector have fallen to 25 - year lows:
For methane, the product also distinguishes between four
emission types (rice cultivation,
natural wetlands, biomass burning and other
sources).
-- Upper - tropospheric moistening in response to anthropogenic warming — Increases in greenhouse forcing inferred from the outgoing longwave radiation spectra of the Earth in 1970 and 1997 — On the Atmospheric Residence Time of Anthropogenically
Sourced Carbon Dioxide — Deep Carbon
Emissions from Volcanoes «it is clear that these natural emissions were recently dwarfed by anthropogenic emissio
Emissions from Volcanoes «it is clear that these
natural emissions were recently dwarfed by anthropogenic emissio
emissions were recently dwarfed by anthropogenic
emissionsemissions»
For example, coal - fired power plants produce nearly twice the global warming
emissions of
natural gas - fired power plants, while renewable
sources like wind and solar power produce virtually no
emissions at all.
And though technology is improving our ability to reduce
emissions from coal usage,
natural gas is still a much cleaner
source»
Clean - burning
natural gas is an affordable and reliable
source of energy that, along with increased energy infrastructure, could protect consumers from energy price volatility, benefit American workers, and improve the environment with lower
emissions.