Methane escapes from
natural gas wells even before fracking, according to new direct measurements from flying over in an airplane
Not exact matches
CEO Randy Eresman noted in the Calgary - based company's 2011 year - end results: «For the industry as a whole, near - term
natural gas prices are at levels below what it costs to add most new production, and in some places, may
even be below what it costs to produce from existing
wells.»
This is in contrast to other, sunnier reports on Arctic melt, which detail the possible «
good» this melt will have — opening up shipping lanes, increasing fishing, and
even allowing us to access minerals,
natural gas, and oil in the ocean bed.
Struggling just to break
even, many capped their «dry»
gas wells and focused on producing
natural gas liquids such as butane and naphtha.
That is important because most oil
wells do not spew a lot of
natural gas, which makes the Synfuels approach useful
even at smaller fields.
«Sparing tracts of land as
natural habitat is much
better for the vast majority of species than a halfway house of lower - yielding but «wildlife - friendly» farming, and we have recently shown that in the UK land spared through high - yield farming could
even sequester enough greenhouse
gases to mitigate the UK's agricultural emissions *,» said Balmford.
And there are other challenges associated with fracking for
natural gas besides climate change, from what to do with the wastewater produced to drinking water contamination and
even improperly drilled
wells that leak or explode and get out of control (a blowout).
But
natural gas consists predominately of methane, so
even small leaks from
natural gas wells can create large climate concerns because methane is a potent greenhouse
gas — it's about 30 times more effective at trapping solar heat than carbon dioxide over a 100 - year period.
The hybrid powertrain is optionally available for a large number of model variants of the
best - selling urban bus,
even for the
natural -
gas - engined Citaro NGT.
The group is also training rats to locate people buried under rubble from
natural disasters, as
well as detect leaking
gas lines and
even the presence of tuberculosis in human.
I have argued for many years that one of the
best things that could happen would be to lose (and I mean magically, truly lose so it would be gone forever) the Saudi production: that would concentrate many minds and lead to many changes (
natural gas is always there and very plentiful, now
even in Israel).
I think the analysis that
best captures this effect is the one done by Larry Cathles (see here and here), which concludes that
even with 1 percent leakage, on the centennial time scale switching to
natural gas gives you 40 percent of the benefit of switching to entirely carbon - free energy.
One reason for being confident about there being much more uncertaintly than the 97 % concensus suggests is that there is nothing like a concensus, let alone proof, of what caused (and causes) the extreme
natural variations in climate throughout geological time.This variation is
well documented and almost certainly has a variety of underlying causes which are likely to be very different from C02 or other MM emissions
even if higher greenhouse
gases levels have often been present.
While there are numerable questionable elements in his discussions (such as placing equivalency between a depletable resource, such as a
natural gas well, that might produce for just a few years vs a renewable resource (solar or wind) that can produce at that same location indefinitely), his equations simply do not stand up to
even cursory scrutiny.
Even if
natural gas combustion creates approaching 50 percent less CO2 equivalent per unit of energy produced, an amount which is
well beyond
best case on ghg emission reductions, it will not create the much greater emissions reductions necessary in the next 30 years to give any hope of limiting warming from exceeding levels that will cause catastrophic impacts.
According to their
best estimates (and
even their «worst» estimates) thirty years from now, the main energy source for the US is
natural gas and fossil fuels.
Over the longer - term, Japan could increase energy security, and
better insulate itself from economic and geologic shocks to its energy system through more aggressively developing its internal renewable energy resources while deepening electricity market and
natural gas interconnections with China, South Korea and
even Russia.
China and India are in more similar situations with respect to
natural gas imports, but
even there India has been
better positioned to take advantage of lowpriced spot liquefied
natural gas (LNG).
«The Environmental Partnership will help America's
natural gas and oil industry share goals, technologies and
best practices that will make our environmental stewardship
even stronger.»
(IEA, 2012)
Even if
natural gas combustion creates a 50 percent less CO2 per unit of energy produced, an amount which is beyond
best case on ghg emission reductions, it will not produce the greater emissions reductions necessary in the next 30 years necessary to give any hope of restricting warming to potentially catastrophic levels.
I'm merely pointing out that the physical model of greenhouse
gas induced warming over the last 165 years is an excellent fit to the data, one that is
even better when one adds an purely empirical «
natural» variation on top of it.
Natural gas, going back to McKibben, might be
better than coal in this context, but renewables would be
even better — and the opportunity to develop them is there.
From property taxes that supply revenue for schools, to state and local taxes that fund road and bridge improvements, water and sewer projects, local housing initiatives and environmental programs, to
even royalty payments that can sustain family farms and businesses — oil and
natural gas development generates local economic benefits
well beyond producing affordable, reliable energy.
But to quantify the influences (or «forcings» in climate jargon)
even further, they considered three anthropogenic forcings —
well - mixed greenhouse
gases, sulfate aerosols, and tropospheric and stratospheric ozone — as
well as two
natural forcings — changes in solar irradiance and volcanic aerosols — all of which are likely to influence tropopause height.»
It is also possible that
natural gas costs will stay low while diesel costs will rise in the mid-term, so it could become an
even better deal.
It is because so little energy is being used, and because alternatives are ruled out ab initio (the model contains no nuclear power, and no technology for storing away carbon emissions from fossil fuels;
natural gas prices rise strongly and coal plants are retired
well before they are clapped out) that the model ends up with such a high percentage of renewables; indeed given the premise it's slightly surprising it doesn't end up with
even more.
Natural gas could be our last shot for getting a
better climate bill this year, as John Laumer writes — it could prove a viable source of relatively low emissions energy while we transition to
even cleaner sources like wind and solar.