Again our editorial argues that a developed
natural philosophy and theology, which are open to mutual synthesis and to real contact with the transcendent, as envisaged for instance by Vatican One in Dei Filius, can help to free our intellectual vision from the smothering effects of a too Platonic conception of the absoluteand infinite.
Not exact matches
Moreover, the Northern European Jewish thinkers who advocated this view (unlike their contemporary counterparts in Spain) were in no wise adherents of Aristotelian
philosophy and its
natural theology, which argued that God's existence could be demonstrated outside of historical revelation.
At one time the Catholic
natural law
philosophy of Thomas Aquinas
and his followers dominated European thinking, but its metaphysical foundations were undermined as science replaced Aristotelian teleology
and Catholic
theology with a materialist worldview that considers only efficient causes.
McDermott, S.J., «Maritain:
Natural Science,
Philosophy and Theology,» in Teologia e science nelmondo contemporaneo, ed.
It would be confusing to include under the heading of
natural theology all the technical aspects of
philosophy, but, on the other hand, no sharp line can be drawn,
and the coherence of the whole is of decisive importance for selection.
In these terms Christian
philosophy and Christian
natural theology, though distinct, are intimately related
and fully compatible with each other.)
Rather the concern is that the Church is ignoring the power of the ever more startling evidence of the workings of the
natural order, as only the scientific methodology can reveal them, to inspire more persuasive arguments — not only to reinforce
and defend classical
philosophy and Church
theology — but to prompt careful re-examination of them.
(There are no clearly established distinctions between Christian
philosophy, Christian
natural theology,
and natural theology.
According to Powell, this position is best represented by Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf (1700 - 1760), who, «in good Protestant fashion, swore abstinence from all forms of metaphysics,
natural theology,
and the contamination of
theology by
philosophy.»
Philosophers may reach quite different conclusions, some of which do not introduce these particular tensions into the relation between
philosophy and Christian
theology.3 The modern theological discussion of
natural theology has been seriously clouded by the failure to distinguish the formal question from the substantive one.
4Ford locates these debates in Process Studies, 1: 95 - 98; John B. Cobb, Jr., A Christian
Natural Theology (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1965), pp. 89f;
and D. Brown, R. F. James, Jr.,
and G. Reeves, eds., Process
Philosophy and Christian Thought (Indianapolis: Bobbs - Merrill, 1971), pp. 314 - 19.
An unqualified rejection of Karl Barth's dichotomy of
theology and religion is a leitmotif throughout the book,
and Barr has a correspondingly high estimation of the contributions to biblical
theology of
natural theology and philosophy (though which
philosophy is never specified).
(This version of First
and Second Goods
and their respective modes of fulfillment is adumbrated in the moral
theology of Alfonsus Liguori
and the practical
philosophy of Bernard Lonergan, each of whom understood himself as part of the
natural law tradition.)
In
theology and philosophy the problem of evil is ordinarily treated under the two headings of
natural and moral evil.
I conceive
natural theology as the area of overlap between
philosophy and theology, whereas this book deals chiefly with the area of overlap between history
and theology.
Process
philosophy offers definite advantages for Christian
theology over earlier naturalistic
and idealistic
philosophies because it recognizes the qualitative discontinuities in human existence
and refuses to identify God with any
natural process.
When speaking of the above «correspondence» he says «the question why this has to be so is a real question,
and one which has to be remanded by the
natural sciences to other modes
and planes of thought - to
philosophy and theology.»
This is not to close the door between the laboratory
and the sacristy, rather the opposite; what we discover from the
natural sciences can not be hermetically sealed off from
philosophy and theology as though it were some totally separate area of wisdom.If the primary object of physical science is the physical realm in its inter-dependant relationships, the object of metaphysics is the very same physical realm as it relates to the spiritual.
A Christian
Natural Theology explains
and defends Whitehead's thought philosophically,
and it contributes to current scholarly debates on the interpretation of Whitehead, as we have already seen.125 Its main purpose though is to illustrate how Christian thinking is uniquely possible within the framework of process
philosophy.
A. Boyce Gibson in «The Two Strands of
Natural Theology, «55 for example, analyzes the «two compelling conceptions of divinity» in Western
philosophy the «self - sufficient»
and the «outgoing.»
PCH H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr, «
Natural Theology and Bioethics,» The
Philosophy of Charles Hartshorne Library of Living Philosophers Volume XX, Edited by Lewis Edwin Hahn.
Finally, see H. Tristram Engelhardt, «
Natural Theology and Bioethics,» in The
Philosophy of Charles Hartshorne (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1991).
For
philosophy and theology, in accordance with their doctrine of man, which is prior in principle to that of the
natural sciences, affirm an immediate creation of what they call soul.
Descartes himself acknowledged that his cogito ergo sum is already fundamental in Augustine's
philosophy (letter to Colvius, 14 November, 1640),
and he believed that his
philosophy was the first to demonstrate the philosophical truth of the doctrine of transubstantiation,
and could go so far as to claim that scholastic
philosophy would have been rejected as clashing with faith if his
philosophy had been known first (letter to Mersenne, 31 March, 1641) Indeed, nothing is more revolutionary in modern
philosophy than its dissolution of the scholastic distinction between
natural theology and revealed
theology.
Barth's list of poor substitutes included not only
philosophy and myth, but every form of apologetics,
natural theology and ritual practice.
Altizer argues that Catholic
theology has always recognized a general revelation (besides the special revelation of Scripture), that it has never separated God the creator from God the redeemer,
and that it has always grounded itself in
philosophy and natural theology.
From all this, one can see that Colson's appeal to the Big Bang to show that astrophysics can not yield «
natural explanations» of star
and planet formation is utterly unfounded in science,
philosophy, or
theology.
A key task, then, which twentieth - century Catholic
theology largely ignored, is to show the fundamental compatibility of the modern
natural sciences with a deeper
philosophy of nature
and a metaphysics of the human person, one religious in orientation.
Natural theology usually places a heavy emphasis on reason
and philosophy.
(Christian character of Thomas»
philosophy as to put in question any distinction between his
natural theology and a Christian
philosophy.
Whether or not this is true of every use of
natural theology, few doubt that the Hegelian
philosophy resists Christianization
and that the efforts of the theologians failed.
A Christian
natural theology must not be a hybrid of
philosophy and Christian convictions.
Despite my keen interest in Whitehead's
philosophy as
philosophy and my conviction of its great value in that context, this book is about Christian
natural theology.
The
philosophy by which I am myself grasped,
and on the basis of which I propose to develop a Christian
natural theology, is that of Alfred North Whitehead.
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Acclaimed philosopher
and historian A.C. Grayling points to three primary factors that led to the rise of vernacular (popular) languages in
philosophy,
theology, science,
and literature; the rise of the individual as a general
and not merely an aristocratic type;
and the invention
and application of instruments
and measurement in the study of the
natural world.