Irrigation also leads to boreal winter (December - February) warming over parts of North America and Asia in the latter part of the century, due to enhanced downward longwave fluxes from increased
near surface humidity.
This is buried in the noise of wind induced fluctuations in evaporation and changes in LWIR flux caused by variations in aerosols, clouds and
near surface humidity.
Not exact matches
Without an atmosphere, inputs that represent the atmospheric forcing (
near surface winds, temperature,
humidity, and downwelling short and longwave radiation) need to be provided.
I presume this is because the greater evaporation
near the
surface must mix into the rest of the atmosphere to affect overall
humidity.
Regionally, changes in relative
humidity near the
surface would affect the height at which clouds form...
ERA - Interim
humidity near the
surface compares very well with independent observations - see Simmons et al JGR 2010 (doi: 10.1029 / 2009JD012442).
The variability is due to day - to - day variations in temperature, strength of the
surface - based temperature inversion, atmospheric
humidity, and the presence of «diamond dust» (
near -
surface ice crystals).
Also Wentz neglects the fact that small changes in relative
humidity or difference between
surface and
near air temperatures can result in large changes in evaporation rates based on their equation (1) which determines evaporation rate.
Hoskins: If the tropical
near surface specific
humidity over tropical land has not gone up (Fig 5) presumably that could explain why the expected amplification of the warming in the tropics with height has not really been detected.
tasmax — Maximum daily temperature
near surface tasmin — Minimum daily temperature
near surface rhsmax — Maximum daily relative
humidity near surface rhsmin — Minimum daily relative humdity
near surface huss — Average daily specific
humidity near surface pr — Average daily precipitation amount at
surface rsds - Average daily downward shortwave radiation at
surface was — Average daily wind speed
near surface uas — Average daily eastward component of wind
near surface vas — Average daily northward component of wind
near surface
Groisman, P. Ya, R.S. Bradley and B. Sun, 2000 The relationship of cloud cover to
near -
surface temperature and
humidity: comparison of GCM simulations with empirical data.
Air in clouds and immediately next to the ocean
surface is at or
near 100 % relative
humidity, so as temperatures increase the absolute
humidity there also increases.
According to the study, unrealistic values occur in the relative
humidity of the
near -
surface layer of the atmosphere in many climate change models.
The new method includes changes in temperature and
humidity near the
surface will lead to improved climate forecasts.
During a dry winter, the reduction of aerosol concentrations in weekend days may overwhelmingly impact on the DTR through a direct effect, i.e. by increasing total solar irradiance
near the
surface and raising the daytime temperature and maximum temperature, and lowering relative
humidity.
We expect the relative
humidity near the
surface should stay constant with global warming because 70 % of the
surface is covered with water.
Arguments of the type summarized in Emanuel, Neelin, and Bretherton, 1994 suggest that attempts to alter the free tropospheric temperature profile will modify temperatures by a rather indirect path — heating perturbations will modify the circulation in a way that then modifies the temperature and
humidity of the air
near the
surface, which finally puts you on a different moist adiabat.