The researchers measured electrical activity of the neurons within the ensemble and compared it
with nearby neurons that were not activated by the environmental cue.
This chemical conversation triggers an intricate cascade,
inviting nearby neurons to fire and ultimately creating a network of connections with varying strengths.
After a spinal cord injury,
nearby neurons lose insulation and the ability to communicate via natural electrical impulses.
The electrical activity inside the place cells synced with the electric field
in nearby neurons.
In contrast, the new data suggest that neurons in different parts of the brain express fundamentally different genetic programs during development,
while nearby neurons in different layers of the cortex are surprisingly similar in their gene expression.
The researchers also received detailed instructions on how to grapple with a major technical challenge: Electrodes in patients» brains often detect pulses from two or
more nearby neurons at the same time, which may show up in the computer as one big signal.
These immune responses help protect brain from the infection, but they can also cause collateral damage — such as the death
of nearby neurons.
In addition, amyloid - β, produced
by nearby neurons, may be an antimicrobial peptide that gets recruited to fight the pathogen; the peptide surrounds and seals off the pathogen (4).
But when the immune system becomes activated in response to an illness or injury, glia in regions associated with pain processing seem to take on another role: They release inflammatory molecules that interact
with nearby neurons to amplify pain signals.
These metals can cause beta - amyloid peptides to misfold and bind together in clumps that can promote inflammation and oxidation — a process similar to rusting — in
nearby neurons, eventually killing them.
Each plaque triggered only half as much damage to
nearby neurons, an indicator that the compound had prevented some of the neurological damage that leads to Alzheimer's disease.