Nearshore benthic communities also could undergo significant change induced by reduced ice cover, longer open - water season, changing flows through the Bering Strait, increased frequency and intensity of storms, increased river and freshwater runoff, and increased ice scouring and coastal erosion.
The nature of the relationship between gray whale populations and climate - sensitive ecosystem features such as sea ice, freshwater input to
nearshore benthic ecosystems and benthic species composition is poorly understood [19], [20].
Not exact matches
When fish feed on organisms that live around bottom - growing plants and on the mud in the
nearshore areas (
benthic organisms in the littoral zone), they accumulate less mercury than when they are feeding on plankton in the open water.
They forage in
nearshore areas by plowing through muddy bottoms in search of
benthic prey such as worms, mudshrimp, and amphipods.
Other key areas that require attention include quantification of the effect of trawling and mining on
benthic habitats, assessment of the impacts of alien species, quantification of the impacts of pollution (sewage and storm water) in the
nearshore environment, and the quantification and prediction of future climate change effects.