Sentences with phrase «negative family characteristics»

Not exact matches

While employees are not protected from general unfairness, where an employee believes that a negative decision was made, in whole or in part, on the basis of a «prohibited ground of discrimination» (characteristics such as race, sex, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, family status, criminal record, and social position), he or she may file a complaint.

We confirm the devastating negative effect of income poverty on children's early development, and show that family structure effects are spurious after controlling for child characteristics, poverty, parental education and mother's age.

protective factor A characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, or community (including peers and culture) level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem outcomes or that reduces the negative impact of a risk factor on problem outcomes.

For low - income families headed by single mothers, the associations between maternal employment and children's cognitive and social development tend to be neutral or positive, but much of this difference is a function of pre-existing differences between mothers who are or are not employed.2, 3,4,5 The effects of maternal employment on children's development also depend on the characteristics of employment — its quality, extent and timing — and on the child's age.2, 6,7 On the other hand, poverty has consistently negative associations with young children's development, but here, too, there is considerable controversy about the causal role of income per se, as opposed to other correlates of poverty.8, 9,10,11,12,13

Sociodemographic characteristics were included as controls in the models on the basis of numerous studies that document associations between these markers and behavioral outcomes.15 Multiple indicators of positive (eg, closeness, safety) and negative (eg, aggression, negative influence) dimensions of family, school, and community contexts were included on the basis of previous research.1, 7,11 — 15

Children are more likely to indicate negative characteristics of their family, whereas parents tend to overestimate positive characteristics of their parenting behavior (Noller and Callan 1988).

Early interventions to promote the health and well - being of children have been shown to help mitigate the negative consequences of child maltreatment and have long - term positive effects on the health of maltreated children.5 Services are required that provide support to families as soon as they need it, and provide early permanency decisions.6 Interventions that exhibit these characteristics are most likely to improve children's mental health and well - being and reduce health and societal costs over the long term through increased likelihood that children will have higher educational achievements, successful lives and be less likely to be dependent on the state.

In the present study, we test the relationship between food insecurity in early childhood (before age 4 1/2) and children's symptoms of depression / anxiety, aggression, and hyperactivity / inattention up to age 8, accounting for child and familial characteristics which may be associated with food insecurity and children's mental health [16], [20]: child's sex, immigrant status, family structure, maternal age at child's birth, family income, maternal and paternal education, prenatal tobacco exposure, maternal and paternal depression, family functioning and negative parenting.