Ezio Bonifacio, Ph.D., of the DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universitat Dresden, Germany and colleagues randomly assigned autoantibody -
negative, genetically at - risk children
to receive oral
insulin at varying doses (n = 15) or placebo (n = 10) once daily for 3
to 18 months
to assess whether oral
insulin can induce a potentially protective immune
response without causing adverse effects.
A sustained modest weight - loss of five
to 10 % body - weight is associated with improvements in various indices of cardiometabolic health including but not limited
to insulin sensitivity, vascular function, blood pressure and lipid levels.3 These beneficial effects of weight - loss can be partially explained by accompanying reductions in adipose tissue mass and dysfunction.5 There is however, some evidence
to suggest that energy restriction (ER) alone can confer metabolic changes which are independent
to those of weight - loss, by facilitating an acute
negative energy balance 6 - 9 and / or by activating adaptive stress
response pathways.10