Sentences with phrase «nerve cell processing»

Much of what is known about nerve cell processing comes from single - cell recordings, Singer says.

Not exact matches

Thus, at the lowest level, electrons tend to unite and converge in the atom; atoms converge by molecularization, crystallization; molecules unite by polymerization; cells unite by conjugation, reproduction, association; nerve ganglions concentrate and localize to form a brain by what might be called a process of cephalization; the higher animal groups form colonies, hives, herds, societies, etc.; man socializes and forms civilizations as foci of attraction and organization.

If fibrin excess can trigger unwanted inflammation in nerve tissue and increase breakdown of the myelin wrapping the nerve cells (a process that is usually referred to as demyelination), health problems like multiple sclerosis (in which there is breakdown of the myelin nerve sheath) may be lessened through reduction of excess fibrinogen and / or fibrin.

Healthier cell membranes results in more efficient nutrient delivery systems and faster nerve transmission processes.

Blueberries also stimulate the growth of new nerve cells and facilitate better communication between nerve cells via a process known as transduction.

Nerve cells communicate by means of electrical impulses, which are transmitted along neural processes known as axons.

When new information needs processing, the nerve cells can develop new synaptic contacts with their neighbouring cells or strengthen existing synapses.

Over the past 15 years, the GFP gene has enabled scientists to watch a plethora of previously murky biological processes in action: how nerve cells develop in the brain, how insulin - producing beta cells form in the pancreas of an embryo, how proteins are transported within cells, and how cancer cells metastasize through the body.

The nerve cells involved in this integration process and control of hormonal signals reside in an area of the insect brain known as the mid-Ventral Ganglion (mVG), which in turn communicates with a region of the central brain that is akin to the mammalian hypothalamus.

After this nerve impulse transaction completes, the serotonin transporter SERT grabs up the serotonin and carts it back into the message - sending cell, a metabolic process marked by the ebb and flow of the chemical.

This is because larger brain parts are thought to have a later and longer process of neurogenesis — the development of neurons or nerve cells from neural stem cells and progenitor cells.

The presence of the dead, snarled nerve cells and sticky protein fragments characteristic of Alzheimer's in the main smell - processing structures of these deceased patients could suggest the disease gets its start in the olfactory system.

In his thirties, he learned about a new way to stain tissue developed by the Italian Camillo Golgi: a new silver - based stain that turned some nerve cells completely black while leaving most others entirely untouched, rendering the delicate branches of the nerve processes clearly visible (as seen in the image on the left).

Lou Gehrig's disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, might damage muscle - controlling nerve cells in the brain earlier in the disease process than previously known, according to research from the Cedars - Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute.

Now, Dr. Ito and team have discovered an important clue in this process: a population of self - renewing stem cells in the nail matrix, a part of the nail bed rich in nerve endings and blood vessels that stimulate nail growth.

Front and center in this process is the motor neuron, the nerve cell that controls movement.

A new study from The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) is the first to show precisely how a process in nerve cells called the S - nitrosylation (SNO) reaction — which can be caused by aging, pesticides and pollution — may contribute to Parkinson's disease.

These two, almond - shaped clumps of nerve cells deep in the brain are sometimes referred to as the emotional thermostat for their role in the processing of emotions, particularly fear.

Understanding this process - which is particularly important when cells are first taking on specialized identities such as nerve cells, muscle, skin, and so on - helps explain how complex organisms can arise from a finite number of genes.

A healthy optic nerve has axons transmitting information from the eye to the brain along the nerve after considerable information processing and synaptic transmission between various cell types within the retina.

Resonance in the activity of nerve cells (left) allows activity within the brain to travel over large distances, e.g. from the back of the head to the front during the processing of visual stimuli.

In the 19th century, the pioneering neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal theorized that information was processed in our heads each time an electrical impulse traveled across a synapse, the gap between one nerve cell and the next.

In prior, unrelated experiments, the same species of worm had become hypersensitive to smell when its nerve cells experienced problems with dopamine signaling, a cellular process that helps control how readily cells can communicate with one another.

Human nerve cells involved in the process are spread throughout the brain.

Nerves and other electrically - excitable cells communicate with one another by transmitting electrical signals, and sodium channels play a vital role in this process.

This process, called cell differentiation, gives rise to all the various cell types, such as nerve, muscle, or blood cells, which are diverse in shape and function and make up tissues and organs.

The research group under the direction of Dr Carmen Ruiz de Almodóvar of the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center discovered that special nerve cells known as motor neurons control this process.

The major advancement with the new study is that it demonstrates for the first time that self - repair in the adult brain involves astrocytes entering a process by which they change their identity to nerve cells.

«It appears there is cross-talk between pathways called calcium channels in sensory nerve cells that process the itch signal.»

Previous research has described at least some of the fundamental processes involved in healthy, on - going peripheral nerve growth regeneration, including the critical role of mitochondria — cellular organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy - carrying molecule found in all cells that is vital to driving nerve recovery after injury.

These «mini brains» offer insight into the processes with which individual nerve cells organize themselves into our highly complex tissues.

«This is the first time that astrocytes have been shown to have the capacity to start a process that leads to the generation of new nerve cells after a stroke,» says Zaal Kokaia, Professor of Experimental Medical Research at Lund University.

Neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain communicate with each other by transmitting electric signals, or firing action potentials, through long processes named axons (which send out signals) and dendrites (which receive signals).

In vertebrates, nerve cells called retinal ganglion cells send information from the retina to vision - processing centers in the brain.

Some of the cells in this layer (the photoreceptors) convert light into an electrical signal that is then amplified and processed by other cells before being sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

The results of the current study provide a partial answer to this mystery: it is precisely because of their small brain that is densely packed with nerve cells that birds are able to reduce the processing time in tasks that require rapid interaction between different groups of neurons.

A process known to kill adult nerve cells also halts stem cell growth, causing neurodegeneration

Almost 10 years ago, the Eberwine lab discovered that nerve - cell dendrites have the capacity to splice messenger RNA, a process once believed to take place only in the nucleus of cells.

«How cells adapt to help repair damage: Genetic processes that allow cells to transform so they can mend damaged nerves have been identified by scientists.»

The large majority of what are commonly called nerves (which are actually axonal processes of nerve cells) are considered to be PNS.

Genetic processes that allow cells to transform so they can mend damaged nerves have been identified by scientists.

New research provides an intriguing glimpse into the processes that establish connections between nerve cells in the brain.

Other researchers had successfully used a similar process to turn skin cells into embryonic - like cells called induced pluripotent stem cells, and then grow those iPS cells into nerve cells, but Wernig's lab was the first to convert skin cells directly into nerve cells without the intermediate iPS cell step.

Together with a team from ETH, Lukas Sommer, a professor in the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Zurich, and his research group have now been able to show that peripheral nerve cells play a central role in this healing process.

Low temperatures activate the brown - fat thermogenesis process via the sympathetic nervous system: Nerve ends in brown fat tissue release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, and that triggers a shift in metabolism within the brown fat cells, which are densely packed with tiny biological energy reactors called mitochondria.

Combined, the molecular processes involving the HIPPO / TAZ / YAP and Gαs feedback circuit indicate it acts as a fulcrum that balances Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation in peripheral nerves, according to the authors.

It may, for example, partly account for the differences in brain structure and behavior between identical twins, and could even affect thought processes by subtly influencing the changes in nerve cell connections that occur with experience.

Now, Professor Martin and colleagues have discovered that in response to specific types of cell damage, Parkin can trigger the self - destruction of «injured» nerve cells by switching on a controlled process of «cellular suicide» called apoptosis.

The Sheffield team led by Dr Kurt De Vos and Dr Andy Grierson investigated the role of the C9orf72 protein in nerve cells and found it regulates the initiation of a vital process called «autophagy», which helps the cell to dispose of damaged proteins and cell parts, and recycles cell nutrients.

Understanding the biochemical processes that are important for maintaining these connections may help address the abnormalities in nerve cells that occur in these disease states.