Sentences with phrase «nerve cells called»

Researchers have found that certain types of specializations on nerve cells called «spines» are depleted as a person ages, causing cognitive decline in the part of the brain that mediates the highest levels of learning.

The brain is made up of networks of interconnecting nerve cells called neurons and supportive glial cells.

Female mosquitoes have nerve cells called cpA neurons that have a receptor to detect carbon dioxide.

The researchers» findings suggest that Nav1.1 levels in special regulatory nerve cells called parvalbumin cells, or PV cells, are essential to generate healthy brain - wave activity — and that problems in this process contribute to cognitive decline in AD - mice and possibly in patients with Alzheimer's.

Another technique - one used by the herpes simplex virus which causes cold sores - is to hide from the immune system in nerve cells called neurones.

Debilitating migraine headaches, which afflict up to 15 percent of the world's population, are thought to be sparked by nerve cells called trigeminal ganglion neurons.

In vertebrates, nerve cells called retinal ganglion cells send information from the retina to vision - processing centers in the brain.

This gene codes for part of a pore in nerve cells called a potassium channel that is vital for transmitting nerve impulses to adjoining cells.

A new study from The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) is the first to show precisely how a process in nerve cells called the S - nitrosylation (SNO) reaction — which can be caused by aging, pesticides and pollution — may contribute to Parkinson's disease.

This fatty material is an insulator covering and modulating a part of the nerve cell called the axon, which transmits electrical signals to other cells.

Not exact matches

Unlike some of the promising treatments that have failed in 2017 that deal with the so - called «amyloid hypothesis» (the treatments target amyloid beta deposits in the brain that accumulate in people with Alzheimer's disease), approaches that try to prevent nerve cells from dying wouldn't have any impact on that buildup.

Thus, at the lowest level, electrons tend to unite and converge in the atom; atoms converge by molecularization, crystallization; molecules unite by polymerization; cells unite by conjugation, reproduction, association; nerve ganglions concentrate and localize to form a brain by what might be called a process of cephalization; the higher animal groups form colonies, hives, herds, societies, etc.; man socializes and forms civilizations as foci of attraction and organization.

Capsaicin only inflames human cells because heat - detecting proteins in our nerve endings called TRPV1 receptors become activated in the chemical's presence, mistakenly interpreting capsaicin as a sign of extreme heat, and sending the body's burn defenses into overdrive.

Mishra's team focused on a neurotransmitter called brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which is expressed in a small number of sensory nerve cells or neurons.

The main cog in the human biological clock is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a group of nerve cells in a region at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus.

Mobile DNA elements called retrotransposons may be a source of genetic variation in nerve cells

At the same time, the activity of hundreds of nerve cells was measured with so - called microelectrode arrays.

Scientists have discovered why a single mutated protein can lead to serious mental retardation in men with a common genetic disorder called fragile - X syndrome: The healthy protein is essential for establishing during childhood the adult pattern of connections between nerve cells in the brain.

Although amyloid clogs the brain early on, memory loss tracks much better with a different protein, tau, which forms so - called «tangles» within nerve cells.

Further study revealed that these so - called immune proteins are actually present on the surface of certain nerve cells, but that they functioned differently in the brain than they did in the rest of the body; rather than scouting for germs, they influenced signals sent between neurons.

Levels of a nerve cell signaling molecule called substance P — measured in tear samples — might be a useful marker of diabetes - related nerve damage (neuropathy), suggests a study in the July issue of Optometry and Vision Science, the official journal of the American Academy of Optometry.

BRAIN CANDY A new database offers a deep look at living human nerve cells, revealing elaborate branching structures and myriad shapes, such as in this neuron called a pyramidal cell (cell image, left and 3 - D computer reconstruction, right).

Previous studies have pointed to immune cells called macrophages as the primary immune cell responsible for engulfing and breaking down nerve debris.

According to a leading theory, proteins called amyloid beta and tau build up in the brain and choke nerve cell communication, setting the disease in motion years before people suspect anything is wrong with their recall.

People with the transthyretin amyloidosis have mutations in the DNA of the transthyretin gene, which causes abnormal buildup and deposits of a transport protein called transthyretin in nerve and heart cells.

Specifically, the Mount Sinai study was designed to test whether pharmacological compounds designed to block the function of XPO1 / CRM1 could stop disease progression in mouse models that exhibit some of the characteristics of MS. Researchers found that two chemical agents (called KPT - 276 and KPT - 350) prevented XPO1 / CRM1 from shuttling cargo out of the nucleus of nerve cells, which protected them from free radicals and structural damage.

«What we think happens is that the bacteria activate immune cells, which release chemicals called cytokines that then act on receptors on the sensory nerves to increase their activity,» he says.

In a developing fetus, she surmised, those phone calls would reach groups of nerve cells in the LGN; as their synaptic connections with the retinal neurons strengthened, the LGN neurons would begin forming «area codes» of their own.

Nerve cells threatened by stroke or degenerative diseases may have a surprising new ally — microscopic spheres of carbon called buckyballs.

«It was like neighborhoods of nerve cells in the eye were placing phone calls to the brain to check connections,» Shatz recalls.

A month after H7N7 or H3N2 infection, mice had fewer nerve cell connectors called dendritic spines on cells in the hippocampus, a brain region involved in memory.

NEW ROLE A kind of brain cell called an astrocyte (shown) may help nerve cells in the hippocampus form traumatic memories, a study in rats suggests.

Others include transplanting so - called Schwann cells from peripheral nerves, using growth factors to stimulate nerve growth, and boosting the immune system in the damaged area (New Scientist magazine, 14 August 1999, p 36).

«Our data clearly showed that one of the protein receptors on white blood cells called CXCR3 brings white blood cells to the optic nerve in response to production of its binding partner CXCL10 by damaged nerve tissue,» said Zhang.

Nerve cells exchange information with each other in the form of electrical signals via so - called synapses.

In the flightless Orai mutant flies, SOCE was inhibited in a set of cells called «dopaminergic interneurons» — nerve cells that used dopamine to relay signals.

In mammals, proteins called ion channels embedded in the cell membrane translate temperature information into electrical signals that activate nerve cells.

The slight gap between two nerve cells is called a synaptic cleft.

Mouse brain nerve cells (green) making a disease - causing version of the tau protein were grown in lab dishes with supporting brain cells called glia.

Earlier studies by Darnell and others showed that FMRP manages the production of a slew of proteins found at nerve cell connections called synapses.

Some of the genes involved help regulate the flow of ions in and out of the cells, particularly nerve cells; others code for so - called heat shock proteins that are typically induced during stress.

Now Ahern has discovered that some drugs used to put patients to sleep may also increase postoperative pain from the procedure itself by boosting the activity of a protein called TRPA1 on the surface of pain - sensing nerve cells.

This way, Professor Henrik Zetterberg and his colleagues could show that a special nerve cell protein, called tau, at elevated levels in the blood is a marker of concussion.

The new drug, a small molecule called anle138b, blocks these pores from moving ions in and out of nerve cells.

Scientists have known of the existence of these nerve cells, called melanopsin - containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), since 2000.

The researchers measured tail response learning to electric shock to determine patterns of aging in both the nerve cell that senses touch of the tail, called sensory neurons, and the motor neurons that signal the tail muscle to contract.

These protein aggregates — called Huntington's aggregates — have been linked to problems with the repair system that nerve cells rely on to fix proteins that fold incorrectly: the cell's so - called protein folding response.

They found that when SNO modifies PINK1, nerve cells can not recruit another protein called Parkin to get rid of damaged mitochondria.

In EAE, as with MS, immune cells attack a nerve cell protein called myelin, causing symptoms ranging from impaired vision to severe motor dysfunction and even death.

Writing in 2014 in the European Journal of Neuroscience, Leuner and colleagues reported that in rats with symptoms of postpartum depression (induced by stress during pregnancy, a major risk factor for postpartum depression in women), nerve cells in the nucleus accumbens atrophied and showed fewer protrusions called dendritic spines — suggesting weaker connections to surrounding nerve cells compared with healthy rats.