It's
the net effect of our impact to CO2 levels that ultimately matter regarding AGW.
Not exact matches
• volume
effect: the
impact of changes in volumes is estimated by comparing the quantities delivered in the period under review with the quantities delivered in the prior period, multiplied, in both cases, by the weighted average
net unit selling price in the prior period
• price
effect: the
impact of changes in average selling prices is estimated by comparing the weighted average
net unit selling price
of a range
of related products in the period under review with their weighted average
net unit selling price in the prior period, multiplied, in both cases, by the volumes sold in the period under review.
In the opinion
of the Company's management, adjusted book value per share is useful in an analysis
of a property casualty company's book value per share as it removes the
effect of changing prices on invested assets (i.e.,
net unrealized investment gains (losses),
net of tax), which do not have an equivalent
impact on unpaid claims and claim adjustment expense reserves.
Core income (loss) is consolidated
net income (loss) excluding the after - tax
impact of net realized investment gains (losses), discontinued operations, the
effect of a change in tax laws and tax rates at enactment, and cumulative
effect of changes in accounting principles when applicable.
«Most people will have a small number
of effective hours to work, and to the extent those hours can overlap with other people's, the
net effect will be more
impact,» Butterfield says.
Because some asset prices may fall more abruptly than they rise, and because the
effects of downward moves in asset prices on demand may be larger due to the greater negative
impact of deflation on the
net worth
of borrowers — witness the United States in the 1930s or Japan in the 1990s, the case for adjusting monetary policy in response to negative asset price shocks is commonly considered more compelling than in the alternative context.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are already insolvent, and face «significant negative
impact» on their
net worth resulting from the required consolidation
of «off balance sheet» loans into their financial reporting, which will take
effect in financial statements for periods beginning January 1, 2010.
- retirement savings and income - Pre-59 1/2 72t Calculations (avoiding penalty tax)- college savings and 529 plan illustrations - college cost and tuition data - Coverdell education savings - risk profile questionnaires and quizes - model portfolio illustrations - asset allocation and portfolio optimization - portfolio management and value tracking - 401 (k) retirement savings - Cost
of waiting to save -
Effect of Taxes and Inflation - Estate Tax Estimator - Finding Money for your savings goals - Health Savings Account (HSA) illustrations - Historical Hypothetical Portfolio Performance -
Impact of Inflation - Life Insurance Needs Analysis - IRA Eligibility (all types
of IRAs)- IRA Savings and Goal Analysis - IRA Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)- IRA to Roth Conversion - Long Term Care Insurance - Lumpsum Distributions vs. Rollover Distributions - Model Portfolio Creation and Comparisons - Mortgage Amortization -
Net Unrealized Appreciation
of Employer Stock -
Net Worth Estimator - New Value Calculator - Pension / Defined Benefit Income estimates - Portfolio Allocation Rebalancing - Portfolio Optimization and «Advice» - Portfolio Return Calculations - Paycheck Tax Savings - Required Minimum Distribution calculations - Retirement Budget and Expense Planning - Retirement Income Analyzer - Retirement Savings Estimator - Risk Tolerance Profile - Roth 401k - Roth Conversion - Roth v. IRA illustrations - Short Term Savings goals - Social Security benefit estimates - Stretch IRA / Legacy IRA illustrations - Tax Free Yield calculations
- retirement savings and income - Pre-59 1/2 72t Calculations (avoiding penalty tax)- college savings and 529 plan illustrations - college cost and tuition data - Coverdell education savings - risk profile questionnaires and quizes - model portfolio illustrations - asset allocation and portfolio optimization - portfolio management and value tracking - 401 (k) retirement savings - Cost
of waiting to save -
Effect of Taxes and Inflation - Estate Tax Estimator - Finding Money for your savings goals - Health Savings Account (HSA) illustrations - Historical Hypothetical Portfolio Performance -
Impact of Inflation - Life Insurance Needs Analysis - IRA Eligibility (all types
of IRAs)- IRA Savings and Goal Analysis - IRA Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)- IRA to Roth Conversion - Long Term Care Insurance - Lumpsum Distributions vs. Rollover Distributions - Model Portfolio Creation and Comparisons - Mortgage Amortization -
Net Unrealized Appreciation
of Employer Stock -
Net Worth Estimator - New Value Calculator - Pension / Defined Benefit Income estimates - Portfolio Allocation Rebalancing - Portfolio Optimization and «Advice» - Portfolio Return Calculations - Paycheck Tax Savings - Required Minimum Distribution calculations - Retirement Budget and Expense Planning - Retirement Income Analyzer - Retirement Savings Estimator - Risk Tolerance Profile - Roth Conversion - Roth v. IRA illustrations - Short Term Savings goals - Social Security benefit estimates - Stretch IRA / Legacy IRA illustrations - Tax Free Yield calculations
However, the
effect this has on the
net income deficit is being roughly offset by the corresponding valuation
impact on foreign assets, since these are
of similar magnitude to the foreign - currency - denominated component
of external debt.
Which politicians wouldn't be interested in something UNICEF describe as «a natural safety
net against the worst
effects of poverty» or a factor shown to have a significant
impact on the national economy?
Finally the
impact of the new
net spending, fresh overheads, administrative overreach, additional costs
of controls, leakages, and the second - order
effects of these parameters was assessed on key macroeconomic variables such as inflation, GDP - per - capita growth, debt service - to - revenue ratio, exchange rate, import cover, interest rates and credit dynamics.
Saying that subsidies approved since the law took
effect have not gone to developers leasing to retail concerns, Appelbaum argued that the
net impact of his union's concession has been zero, though he acknowledged other projects down the road could well include leased retail space.
He suggested limiting «
impact» or
net carbs to 20 grams per day from vegetable sources, a phase that he called Induction, to minimize the
effects of dietary carbs on glucose levels.
Even when these films are firing on all cylinders — milking their computerized action set - pieces for maximum whiz - bang
effect, nailing their glib one - liners, purposefully commanding a requisite sense
of seriousness from their sprawling cast
of superpowered characters — their
impact on the motion - picture arts amounts to a
net negative.
Net differences represent the
effects of a closure, showing us the
impact on students who had to choose a different high school.
The last study found no
net effect while none
of the studies found a negative
impact.
Such statements reflect the current views
of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the outcome
of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Noble's products, low growth or declining sales and
net income due to various factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service,
effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels
of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction
of the device business, including possible reduction in sales
of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial
impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns from consumers or channels
of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate
of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance
of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success
of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or
effects, product and component shortages, the potential adverse
impact on the Company's businesses resulting from the Company's prior reviews
of strategic alternatives and the potential separation
of the Company's businesses, the risk that the transactions with Microsoft and Pearson do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in excess
of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution
of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion contemplated by the relationship with Microsoft, including that it is not successful or is delayed, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Microsoft and Pearson commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing
of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits
of such efforts and associated risks and other factors which may be outside
of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with the SEC.
But even if we were to ignore that
effect completely and treat the errors as unrealistically perfectly synchronized (such that all «pile up» and none «cancel out»), the worst - case
net effect would have less than a 3 %
impact on any
of the overall numbers.
Such statements reflect the current views
of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the outcome
of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the
effect of the proposed separation
of NOOK Media, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Noble's products, low growth or declining sales and
net income due to various factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service,
effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels
of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction
of the device business, including possible reduction in sales
of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial
impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns from consumers or channels
of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate
of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance
of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success
of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or
effects, product and component shortages, risks associated with the commercial agreement with Samsung, the potential adverse
impact on the Company's businesses resulting from the Company's prior reviews
of strategic alternatives and the potential separation
of the Company's businesses (including with respect to the timing
of the completion thereof), the risk that the transactions with Pearson and Samsung do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in excess
of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution
of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion previously undertaken, including any risks associated with a reduction
of international operations following termination
of the Microsoft commercial agreement, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Pearson and Samsung commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, the risks associated with the termination
of Microsoft commercial agreement, including potential customer losses, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing
of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits
of such efforts and associated risks and other factors which may be outside
of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended May 3, 2014, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with the SEC.
The
net effect on first - time home buyers is that their purchasing power has been reduced by upwards
of 20 %, which has significant
impacts on many marginal buyers.
Net Effect of Principals Agreement Comp: An accounting entry with NO economic
impact for Fortress or shareholders (and absent from 2012 onwards).
We find that, for even small increases in interest rates, the
net impact of higher interest rates dominates the
effect of lower tax rates, so that the
net effect of EGTRRA is to reduce investment.
US companies continue to grow earnings, but it remains to be seen if the potential negative
effects of a trade war with China will negate the generally positive
net impact of the tax cuts.
Note that any
net change in biomass (whether trees, or cows or even humans) does affect atmospheric CO2, but the direct
impact of human population growth is tiny even though our indirect
effects have been huge.
Other forms
of recreation are very likely to improve due to better weather, and the
net effect is likely a redistribution
of the industry and its economic
impact, with visitors and tourism dollars shifting away from some communities in favor
of others.
In developing Asia, however, the sulfur content
of fuels is much larger, so the
impact of sulfate particles offsets the
effect of changes in soot and ozone from transportation, leading to a
net effect from short - lived pollutants that is quite small.
Basic physical science considerations, exploratory climate modeling, and the
impacts of volcanic aerosols on climate all suggest that SWCE could partially compensate for some
effects — particularly
net global warming —
of increased atmospheric CO2.
For the interval 1950 - 2007, these possibilities may have little
impact since the
net effect of AMO / PDO fluctuations tended to be small when averaged out over the interval.
• Poles to tropics temperature gradient, average temp
of tropics over past 540 Ma; and arguably warming may be
net - beneficial overall • Quotes from IPCC AR4 WG1 showing that warming would be beneficial for life, not damaging • Quotes from IPCC AR5 WG3 stating (in
effect) that the damage functions used for estimating damages are not supported by evidence • Richard Tol's breakdown
of economic
impacts of GW by sector • Economic damages
of climate change — about the IAMs • McKitrick — Social Cost
of Carbon much lower than commonly stated • Bias on
impacts of GHG emissions — Figure 1 is a chart showing 15 recent estimates
of SCC — Lewis and Curry, 2015, has the lowest uncertainty range.
On the vital question
of how to approach climate change, the most influential economist is William Nordhaus whose explicit position is that we should decide to reduce greenhouse gas emissions only if cost - benefit analysis or an optimisation model concludes that the
net benefits to humans are positive, where the relevant
effects are essentially
impacts on economic output (Nordhaus and Yang, 1996).
Indeed, without disregarding the ill -
effects of climate change now and in the future, Dr Lomborg cites studies which demonstrate the
net impact of global warming is positive, for now, and will remain so for decades yet.
However, a poor understanding
of these mechanisms and their
effects on cloud makes the
net impacts of such links uncertain.
It is intellectually dishonest to devote several pages to cherry - picking studies that disagree with the IPCC consensus on
net health
effects because you don't like its scientific conclusion, while then devoting several pages to hiding behind [a misstatement
of] the U.N. consensus on sea level rise because you know a lot reasonable people think the U.N. wildly underestimated the upper end
of the range and you want to attack Al Gore for worrying about 20 - foot sea level rise.On this blog, I have tried to be clear what I believe with my earlier three - part series: Since sea level, arctic ice, and most other climate change indicators have been changing faster than most IPCC models projected and since the IPCC neglects key amplifying carbon cycle feedbacks, the IPCC reports almost certainly underestimate future climate
impacts.
Most
of the warming in climate models is not from CO2 directly but from feedback
effects, and the evidence for strong positive climate feedback on temperature is very weak (to the point
of non-existence) as compared to the evidence
of greenhouse gas warming (yes, individual
effects like ice cover melting are undeniably positive feedback
effects, the question is as to the
net impact of all such
effects).
This will entail clearing up all the uncertainties surrounding this hypothesis, notably the expected temperature
impact of doubling atmospheric CO2, with and without the
net «amplifying or mitigating
effects»
of any postulated feedbacks, as pointed out earlier by Dr. Curry.
But, because newer solar panels have a smaller adverse environmental
impact than older models and as their time
of operation increases to mitigate the construction
effects, some scientists believe the solar industry could develop a
net positive environmental
impact by 2018.
Having examined the foundational weaknesses
of the Bell coalition's website blocking plan (existing Canadian law, weak piracy evidence, limited
impact) and its negative
effects (lack
of court orders, overblocking, ineffectiveness, violation
of net neutrality, vulnerability on freedom
of expression grounds, higher Internet costs, privacy risks), the case against the plan enters the final phase with several posts on how it fails to meet the requirements under the Telecommunications Act.
Executive Order 12866 directs agencies to assess all costs and benefits
of available regulatory alternatives and, when regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety
effects; distributive
impacts; and equity).