Sentences with phrase «neuronal cells in the brain»

It has been particularly difficult to measure changes in electrical functions of cells grown within Organ Chips that are normally electrically active, such as neuronal cells in the brain or beating heart cells, both during their differentiation and in response to drugs.

ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects neuronal cells in the brain and the spinal cord, which send signals to control muscles throughout the body.

A group of neuronal cells in the brain stem, which coordinate exhalation and tension of muscles in the larynx is essential for this process.

Today, researchers in the laboratory of Gladstone Senior Investigator Lennart Mucke, MD, report in Nature Neuroscience that DSBs in neuronal cells in the brain can also be part of normal brain functions such as learning — as long as the DSBs are tightly controlled and repaired in good time.

The constituents of aspartame, for example, have been shown to increase chances of mood disorders, overstimulate neuronal cells in the brain, and increase chances of brain - related cancers (3, 4).

Ashwagandha is known to regenerate and protect the neuronal cells in the brain and body, has potent antioxidant effects, reduces stress, increases and balances hormone production, strengthens immunity and reduces inflammation, all of which have been linked to increased longevity in various studies [14 - 15]

Not exact matches

Consider also his claim that «the right way to think» about a visual experience is that «photons reflected off objects attack the photoreceptor cells of the retina and this sets up a series of neuronal processes (the retina being part of the brain), which eventually result, if all goes well, in a visual experience that is a perception of the very object that originally reflected the photons» (MC 64).

Scientists have long speculated that astrocytes, the cell type that controls many neuronal functions, give rise to neural stem cells in damaged brain tissue.

The team tested whether overexpression of PGC1 - alpha could protect cultures of rat brain cells from the pesticide rotenone, which inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain in neuronal mitochondria and produces many symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's.

Hormones regulate a lifelong reshaping of our neuronal pathways, programming a turnover and pruning of brain cells — a process that begins in the womb and continues to affect our intellectual, emotional and social development in adulthood.

«I was very curious at that point what glial cells would be doing in the hypothalamus, since glial cells have been shown in other brain areas to have an influence on regulation of neuronal function,» she says.

When it reaches the brain, Zika virus infects neuronal stem cells, which will generate fewer neurons, and by inducing chronic stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, it promotes apoptosis, i.e. the early death of these neuronal cells.

There is more and more evidence to point to the importance of glial cells in modulating neuronal function and in mediating brain disorders,» says Guoping Feng, the James W. and Patricia Poitras Professor of Neuroscience.

Using a mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.

«Disturbances to these processes may cause neuronal stem cells to develop into different types of cells or may cause neurons to migrate to different locations in the brain, changing neuronal circuitry and potentially leading to behavioral disorders like schizophrenia.»

Mammalian brains are made of these: A dataset of the numbers and densities of neuronal and nonneuronal cells in the brain of glires, primates, scandentia, eulipotyphlans, afrotherians and artiodactyls, and their relationship with body mass.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by immune cells that activate a cascade of chemicals in the brain, attacking and degrading the insulation that keeps neuronal signals moving.

Potentially explaining why even healthy brains don't function well with age, Salk researchers have discovered that genes that are switched on early in brain development to sever connections between neurons as the brain fine - tunes, are again activated in aging neuronal support cells called astrocytes.

Although not nearly as well studied as neurons, astrocytes — named for their star - shaped appearance — make up one - third to one - half of all the cells in the brain and are increasingly being found to be critical for neuronal function.

In the present study, her team took skin cells from patients with lissencephaly and turned them into iPS cells, which they then cultivated under special conditions into neuronal stem cells and neurons that are copies of those in the patients» brainIn the present study, her team took skin cells from patients with lissencephaly and turned them into iPS cells, which they then cultivated under special conditions into neuronal stem cells and neurons that are copies of those in the patients» brainin the patients» brains.

Scientists have succeeded for the first time in tracking individual stem cells and their neuronal progeny over months within the intact adult brain.

But in the study being published, researchers at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Karolinska Institutet present a molecular time mechanism that can help explain neuronal stem cell regulation and therefore also the occurrence of cellular diversity in the brCell and Molecular Biology at Karolinska Institutet present a molecular time mechanism that can help explain neuronal stem cell regulation and therefore also the occurrence of cellular diversity in the brcell regulation and therefore also the occurrence of cellular diversity in the brain.

The gene in question, apolipoprotein E (apoE), codes for a protein in the brain's astrocyte cells that seems to help spur nerve cell growth and clear up debris from neuronal injuries brought by head trauma, stroke, or cerebral hemorrhage.

The cells were reprogrammed to become neural progenitor cells able to form functional neuronal networks resembling the developing cortex of the human brain in a dish.

«The most obvious function of glial cells has been related to their role in forming scar tissue to prevent the spread of injury and neuronal degeneration, but so much about their role in the brain is unknown.»

Published in Nature Neuroscience, the findings suggest that astrocytes — star - shaped cells that are abundant in the brain and support neuronal function — are important regulators of information storage, and their dysfunction might lead to memory decline in disease.

The work, which appears in the journal Cell, focuses on the regulation of «neuronal plasticity» — changes in neuronal structure — and its function in the brain.

The higher the neuronal variety in the brain, the higher the chances that it contains some cells that are capable of rising to these cognitive challenges.

«What we show is that the Zika virus infects neuronal cells in dish that are counterparts to those that form the cortex during human brain development.»

In the first, surgeons will inject ES - cell - derived neuronal - precursor cells into the brains of individuals with Parkinson's disease.

The study also suggested that the Fragile X cells had delayed development in formation of neuronal synapses, the connections that neurons make between regions of the brain to send messages.

The researchers concluded that in the early stages after stroke, improvements in voluntary movement can be attributed to a reduction in brain swelling because of the trauma and other spontaneous repairs, while later improvements result from «neuronal plasticity» — the reorganization or regeneration of nerve cells within the spinal cord in response to changes in the nerve network.

To visualize neuronal activity in real time, researchers injected mice with a virus that induced their brain cells to glow, or fluoresce, anytime an electrical impulse was triggered by something the mouse saw.

In the approximately 30 seconds between a rat's last heartbeat and the point when its brain stopped producing signals, the team carefully recorded its neuronal oscillations, or the frequency with which brain cells were firing their electrical signals.

Jianguo Fang and colleagues note that mounting evidence suggests that oxidative damage to neuronal cells contributes to the development of diseases that originate in the brain.

Recent research by neuroscientist Fred Gage and colleagues at the University of California (UC), San Diego, has shown that one of the most common types of jumping gene in people, called L1, is particularly abundant in human stem cells in the brain that ultimately differentiate into neurons and plays an important role in regulating neuronal development and proliferation.

Screening and characterization of RBPs and miRNAs implicated in neuronal stem cell function and brain tumors.

-- To better understand how and why these specialized sub networks are created, researchers at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) have combined electrophysiological and optical approaches to manipulate and monitor neuronal activity at single - cell resolution in intact, functional brain circuits.

They play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitotoxicity responsible for much of the neuronal damage caused by hypoxic insult in the brain [37], and are expressed in retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells as well as the amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina [38 — 41].

Even though it may correct existing neuronal losses, cell replacement is not by itself a cure for HD as it can not stop the progression of the neurodegeneration in the patient's brain.

We will also utilize laser capture of encysted parasites within neuronal cells in human brain and eye tissue to characterize mRNA transcriptomes of parasites, host and contiguous cells in situ.

Menin mediates Tat - induced neuronal apoptosis in brain frontal cortex of SIV - infected macaques and in Tat - treated cells.

Beta - amyloid (Aβ) protein accumulates abnormally in the Alzheimer's brain, to a degree that is believed to be sufficient to induce neuronal cell death.

NeuroStemcell is focused on the identification and systematic comparison of progenitor cell lines with the most favourable characteristics for mesDA and striatal GABAergic neuronal differentiation, generated either directly from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, from Neural Stem (NS) cells derived from ES cells or fetal brain, from induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells or from in vitro short - term expanded neural progenitors from ventral midbrain grown as neurospheres (VMN, Ventral Midbrain Neurospheres) 4, and perform rigorous and systematic testing of the most prominent candidate cells in appropriate animals models.

Liposome - siRNA - peptide complexes cross the blood - brain barrier and significantly decrease PrPc on Neuronal cells and PrPRES in infected cell cultures.

The technique, which was used in this work to track how mRNA expresses itself in neuronal stem cells as they differentiate, could help us better understand neurogenesis and perhaps even be used to screen drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases and brain trauma.

Mice with a single insult temporarily lose 10 - 15 percent of the neuronal connections in their brains, but no inflammation or cell death resulted.

Glial cell line - derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was selected based on clear evidence that it increases neuronal sprouting, prevents cell death [20], [21] and has neuroprotective effects in the brain [11], [22]--[24], spinal cord [12] and retina [25]--[30], and because receptors for GDNF are expressed within mature retina [26], [31]--[34].

Dr. Ruta, Rockefeller University, shows in her latest paper featured in Cell that the mushroom body, a pair of structures in insect brains, acts as a «switchboard» to relay sensory information to different neuronal networks based on the fruit fly's previous experience and context.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that excessive intracellular accumulation of A beta 42 - positive material in pyramidal cells can result in cell lysis, and that cell lysis is an important source of amyloid plaques and neuronal loss in AD brains.