Sentences with phrase «neuronal cells of our brain»

Not exact matches

Consider also his claim that «the right way to think» about a visual experience is that «photons reflected off objects attack the photoreceptor cells of the retina and this sets up a series of neuronal processes (the retina being part of the brain), which eventually result, if all goes well, in a visual experience that is a perception of the very object that originally reflected the photons» (MC 64).

«While environmental enrichment didn't seem to significantly influence the number of neurons [that were damaged],» explains Tsai, «it does induce the growth of dendrites and high numbers of synapses,» both of which are neuronal structures that underlie how brain cells communicate with one another.

The team tested whether overexpression of PGC1 - alpha could protect cultures of rat brain cells from the pesticide rotenone, which inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain in neuronal mitochondria and produces many symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's.

Furthermore, brain imaging data for these very elderly animals shows a slight loss of grey matter (neuronal cell bodies), an effect that the researchers have not yet explained, as well as significantly slowed atrophy of white matter (the neuronal fibers connecting different areas of the brain).

Hormones regulate a lifelong reshaping of our neuronal pathways, programming a turnover and pruning of brain cells — a process that begins in the womb and continues to affect our intellectual, emotional and social development in adulthood.

«I was very curious at that point what glial cells would be doing in the hypothalamus, since glial cells have been shown in other brain areas to have an influence on regulation of neuronal function,» she says.

When it reaches the brain, Zika virus infects neuronal stem cells, which will generate fewer neurons, and by inducing chronic stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, it promotes apoptosis, i.e. the early death of these neuronal cells.

There is more and more evidence to point to the importance of glial cells in modulating neuronal function and in mediating brain disorders,» says Guoping Feng, the James W. and Patricia Poitras Professor of Neuroscience.

It has been particularly difficult to measure changes in electrical functions of cells grown within Organ Chips that are normally electrically active, such as neuronal cells in the brain or beating heart cells, both during their differentiation and in response to drugs.

Using a mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.

«Disturbances to these processes may cause neuronal stem cells to develop into different types of cells or may cause neurons to migrate to different locations in the brain, changing neuronal circuitry and potentially leading to behavioral disorders like schizophrenia.»

Mammalian brains are made of these: A dataset of the numbers and densities of neuronal and nonneuronal cells in the brain of glires, primates, scandentia, eulipotyphlans, afrotherians and artiodactyls, and their relationship with body mass.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by immune cells that activate a cascade of chemicals in the brain, attacking and degrading the insulation that keeps neuronal signals moving.

Although not nearly as well studied as neurons, astrocytes — named for their star - shaped appearance — make up one - third to one - half of all the cells in the brain and are increasingly being found to be critical for neuronal function.

«If you looked at a liver cell from my body and a neuronal cell from my brain, the DNA would be identical, but the cells themselves would be very different because they are composed of different proteins.

In the present study, her team took skin cells from patients with lissencephaly and turned them into iPS cells, which they then cultivated under special conditions into neuronal stem cells and neurons that are copies of those in the patients» brains.

But in the study being published, researchers at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Karolinska Institutet present a molecular time mechanism that can help explain neuronal stem cell regulation and therefore also the occurrence of cellular diversity in the brCell and Molecular Biology at Karolinska Institutet present a molecular time mechanism that can help explain neuronal stem cell regulation and therefore also the occurrence of cellular diversity in the brcell regulation and therefore also the occurrence of cellular diversity in the brain.

The cells were reprogrammed to become neural progenitor cells able to form functional neuronal networks resembling the developing cortex of the human brain in a dish.

Kozai's lab is currently working with Franca Cambi, professor of neurology at Pitt, on a project to understand the role of another type of glial cell on brain injury and neuronal activity.

«The most obvious function of glial cells has been related to their role in forming scar tissue to prevent the spread of injury and neuronal degeneration, but so much about their role in the brain is unknown.»

Published in Nature Neuroscience, the findings suggest that astrocytes — star - shaped cells that are abundant in the brain and support neuronal function — are important regulators of information storage, and their dysfunction might lead to memory decline in disease.

The work, which appears in the journal Cell, focuses on the regulation of «neuronal plasticity» — changes in neuronal structure — and its function in the brain.

The higher the neuronal variety in the brain, the higher the chances that it contains some cells that are capable of rising to these cognitive challenges.

«We now have the first marker for the capacity of brain immune cells to remove toxic materials,» says Haass, «and its increase long before full Alzheimer's dementia shows that there is early neuronal injury that does not yet affect memory, but already triggers a microglia response.»

The researchers studied the brains of people who died from HD and those who died of other, non-neurological diseases and identified a very specific genetic signal that strongly correlates disease severity and extent of neuronal, or brain cell death.

In the first, surgeons will inject ES - cell - derived neuronal - precursor cells into the brains of individuals with Parkinson's disease.

The study also suggested that the Fragile X cells had delayed development in formation of neuronal synapses, the connections that neurons make between regions of the brain to send messages.

The researchers concluded that in the early stages after stroke, improvements in voluntary movement can be attributed to a reduction in brain swelling because of the trauma and other spontaneous repairs, while later improvements result from «neuronal plasticity» — the reorganization or regeneration of nerve cells within the spinal cord in response to changes in the nerve network.

Jianguo Fang and colleagues note that mounting evidence suggests that oxidative damage to neuronal cells contributes to the development of diseases that originate in the brain.

Recent research by neuroscientist Fred Gage and colleagues at the University of California (UC), San Diego, has shown that one of the most common types of jumping gene in people, called L1, is particularly abundant in human stem cells in the brain that ultimately differentiate into neurons and plays an important role in regulating neuronal development and proliferation.

Screening and characterization of RBPs and miRNAs implicated in neuronal stem cell function and brain tumors.

A group of neuronal cells in the brain stem, which coordinate exhalation and tension of muscles in the larynx is essential for this process.

Here I want to show you a time lapse movie of a human brain pericyte - derived cell undergoing neuronal reprogramming.

They play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitotoxicity responsible for much of the neuronal damage caused by hypoxic insult in the brain [37], and are expressed in retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells as well as the amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina [38 — 41].

Even though it may correct existing neuronal losses, cell replacement is not by itself a cure for HD as it can not stop the progression of the neurodegeneration in the patient's brain.

The first genetically encoded optical tool that can precisely control brain cells (neurons) by the millisecond, optogenetics allows for light - induced control of neuronal activity, helping researchers understand how neurons form circuits that control behavior.

We will also utilize laser capture of encysted parasites within neuronal cells in human brain and eye tissue to characterize mRNA transcriptomes of parasites, host and contiguous cells in situ.

Menin mediates Tat - induced neuronal apoptosis in brain frontal cortex of SIV - infected macaques and in Tat - treated cells.

NeuroStemcell is focused on the identification and systematic comparison of progenitor cell lines with the most favourable characteristics for mesDA and striatal GABAergic neuronal differentiation, generated either directly from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, from Neural Stem (NS) cells derived from ES cells or fetal brain, from induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells or from in vitro short - term expanded neural progenitors from ventral midbrain grown as neurospheres (VMN, Ventral Midbrain Neurospheres) 4, and perform rigorous and systematic testing of the most prominent candidate cells in appropriate animals models.

Concussion: Examining the Effect of Neuronal Oxidative Stress on the Pathophysiology of Brain and Blood Brain Barrier Cells.

The brains of aging humans are prone to neurodegenerative disorders and we are unable to counteract neuronal loss by regenerating lost cells.

Future studies of these cells are expected to shed light on developmental diseases such as autism and schizophrenia and malformations of brain development, including microcephaly, lissencephaly and neuronal migration disorders, they say, as well as age - related illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Today, researchers in the laboratory of Gladstone Senior Investigator Lennart Mucke, MD, report in Nature Neuroscience that DSBs in neuronal cells in the brain can also be part of normal brain functions such as learning — as long as the DSBs are tightly controlled and repaired in good time.

Towards this goal, we build abstract mathematical as well as detailed biophysical models of neural cells and circuits across multiple brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, PFC) and abstraction levels (single neurons, microcircuits, neuronal networks).

Mice with a single insult temporarily lose 10 - 15 percent of the neuronal connections in their brains, but no inflammation or cell death resulted.

Dr. Ruta, Rockefeller University, shows in her latest paper featured in Cell that the mushroom body, a pair of structures in insect brains, acts as a «switchboard» to relay sensory information to different neuronal networks based on the fruit fly's previous experience and context.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that excessive intracellular accumulation of A beta 42 - positive material in pyramidal cells can result in cell lysis, and that cell lysis is an important source of amyloid plaques and neuronal loss in AD brains.

In this way, we can produce a brain - wide cell - resolution map of the neuronal activation patterns related to specific behaviours.

In the healthy mice, the stem cells migrated throughout the brain, but in the mice with neuronal loss, the cells congregated in the hippocampus, the area of the injury.

Neuronal loss in these regions is associated brain cell inflammation and the formation of cross-linked proteins called Lewy bodies in the remaining nerve cells.