Sentences with phrase «neurons types»

The research conducted by Wright State University involved identifying and measuring size changes of motor neuron types in a mouse model of familial ALS.

But it is tricky to use electrodes to simultaneously record the activity of many different neuron types at once to study how their activity is synchronized.

«Top - down inputs interact with specific neuron types in the visual cortex to modulate its operation modes.»

By tweaking different fly genes and counting how many neuron types were produced as the flies matured, the team identified a network of five genes that work together like coordinated control switches to guide the precursor cells» transformation to mature neurons.

Activating the second neuron type made the mice take rapid, shallow breaths, as if they had inhaled some kind of irritant to their lungs, hinting at a pulmonary defense mechanism.

2) The US BRAIN Initiative, announced in 2013, aims to map the activity of every single neuron type or area in the human brain.

All precursor cells have the same DNA, and how they produce one neuron type versus another was unknown.

This is a first approach towards modeling an entire descending pathway that comprises very diverse neuron types within a single, common computational framework.

Sperry could tell that the idea had serious problems: «The scheme requires literally millions, and possibly billions, of chemically differentiated neuron types.»

Methyl laurate is also detected by another sensory neuron type that expresses the olfactory receptor Or88a.

Furthermore, the same pheromone - specific neuron types which activate the olfactory receptors Or47b or Or88a respond to methyl laurate.

Markram's laboratory has characterized the electrical properties of many neocortical neuron types through experiments in vitro, and constructed a model for each.

«Now that we have the cellular and molecular information, the future promises to be very exciting when this knowledge can be used to understand how this system is formed during gestation and how the different neuron types go about controlling the body's functions,» says study leader Patrik Ernfors, professor of tissue biology

Individual neural progenitor cells in culture produce different neuron types as time goes by, starting with the innermost cells (green) and followed by more superficial neurons (red).

Timing was key: The older the progenitor cells were, the less able they were to give rise to the innermost neuron types.

A leading neuroscientist, Arlotta is interested in understanding the molecular laws that govern the birth, differentiation, and assembly into working circuitry of clinically relevant neuron types in the cerebral cortex.

So Blue Brain lacks a connectome, while C. elegans lacks models of neuron types.

«We could then test drugs that affect different neuron types — such as those involved in Parkinson's disease — helping us to put drug development for neurodegenerative diseases on the fast track.»

For this particular study, the research team created a small library consisting of different fly lines; in each line, a different set of specific neurons was genetically labeled and could be artificially activated, with each neuron type secreting a different neuropeptide.

In fact, they are one of the increasingly large number of neuron types that are known to die and be replaced throughout life.

«Each neuron type detects a very specific range of odors,» Volkan said.

«Here we examined the performance of sensory and motor neurons in short - term memory, and found that both neuron types had impaired performance in old Aplysia.»

«What seems to be [happening] is that all the neuron types in the hippocampus are showing some echo or antiecho of the neocortex.

Once all neuron types have been modeled, we'll be ready to simulate brains.

There is one hope for escaping the morass of infinite variation: neuron types.

If we uploaded multiple people, all the simulations could share the same models of neuron types.

Thus the earlier claim should be revised to say, «You are your connectome plus models of neuron types» (Let's assume that a connectome is defined to specify the type of each neuron.)

These are all important caveats, but models of neuron types and connectome change still fit into the overall framework of connectome - based brain simulation.

When this neuron type, which expresses the specific olfactory receptor Or47b, was missing, mating behavior in males was inhibited.

We should compile a catalog of all the neuron types, a «parts list» for the brain, and then construct a model for each type.

The parts list for the human brain is longer, so it will take many years of effort to model every neuron type in the human brain.

Physiological and genetic data indicated that the flies must have a neuron type that responds to a specific, yet unidentified, compound within odor collections from flies.

Each neuron type is modeled as hundreds of interacting electrical «compartments;» which is an approximation to simulating the millions of ion channels in a neuron.

But the models of neuron types are likely to contain much less information than the connectome, as most scientists agree that there are far fewer neuron types than neurons.

Using genetic tools to activate these two neuron types with light, the scientists found that stimulating one neuron type caused mice to stop breathing completely, trapping them in a state of exhalation.

The observation of a cut - off point at which the progenitor cells can not make some neuron types extends «a word of caution for people interested in using stem cells» to resolve neurological problems, says neuroscientist Paula Monaghan of University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania.

The brain is constructed from neural progenitor cells, which give rise to all the neuron types found in the cerebral cortex.

In principle, Gage says, this process could generate distinct neural circuitry in each individual by altering the proportion of neuron types or levels of gene expression in the brain.

Such precision is critical in being able to study the hundreds of different neuron types, and understand higher brain functions such as thought, behavior, language, memory — or even mental disorders.

«For example, while that study and others like it revealed the roles of dMSNs and iMSNs in movement and behavior, we knew very little about how other brain regions influenced the function of these two neuron types,» said Salk Institute Postdoctoral Fellow Nicholas Wall, PhD, the paper's first author.

«If we can pinpoint which genes control the development of each neuron type, we can generate them in the petri dish from a single sample of human skin cells,» said Dr. Huang.

The findings, which are presented in the journal Neuron, show that the striatum acts as a sensory «hub» integrating various types of sensory information, with specialised functional roles for the different neuron types.

The fate of further dopamine metabolism depends on the neuron type.