Sentences with phrase «neurotransmitters by neurons»

Both drugs inhibit reuptake, or reabsorption, of these neurotransmitters by neurons, thus prolonging their action.

Not exact matches

It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain.

Modafinil also indirectly alters the action of glutamate, the main neurotransmitter used by neurons in the brain to send signals down the line.

When a neuron sends a message it releases the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is detected by the next neuron receiving the message.

The symptoms of Parkinson's — which is characterized by stiffness and can lead to a loss of motor and speech function — are triggered by the progressive death of neurons in a midbrain region called the substantia nigra that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine (implicated in the pleasure and reward systems as well as in the maintenance of proper movement control).

One set does this by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter GABA that quiets neurons, including some of those the brain's reward system.

These antidepressants, which often have fewer side effects than others, prevent transmitting neurons from quickly soaking serotonin back up that has not been absorbed by receptors on other neurons, thus giving the neurotransmitter more time in the synapse to exert an effect.

While analyzing molecules excreted by TRPV1 cells in search of anything that might be itch - specific, Hoon and his colleagues came across a small group of the neurons that produce natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb), a hormone that regulates heart function and can also act as a neurotransmitter.

After isolating the gene, Wu's team determined that when working properly, Wake helps shut down clock neurons of the brain that control arousal by making them more responsive to signals from the inhibitory neurotransmitter called GABA.

AMPA receptors are activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are important to both how spines are shaped and how well neurons receive incoming signals for action.

In neurons, the protein complexin clamps otherwise spontaneous fusion by SNARE proteins, allowing neurotransmitters and other mediators to be secreted when and where they are needed as this clamp is released.

This decision appears to be generated by a very small number of excitatory neurons that use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter located in three brain regions.

Further tests showed that the activation of specific inhibitory neurons — parvalbumin, somatostatin, and vasointestinal peptide — was responsible for these changes and was in turn controlled by the chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.

It is caused by the loss of brain cells (neurons) that produce dopamine, an essential neurotransmitter that allows neurons to «talk» to each other.

Neurons release neurotransmitters that are taken up by specific receptors, but many glial cells receive and emit neurotransmitters that float through the brain as free agents.

Many antidepressants that target serotonin work by blocking serotonin transporters that reabsorb the neurotransmitter into a neuron, so it can be reused after it has sent a chemical signal.

Such atypical antipsychotic medications as Clozaril (clozapine), Risperdal (risperidone) and Zyprexa (olanzapine), most of which were introduced in the 1990s, appear to ameliorate schizophrenia symptoms by affecting the function of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, which relay chemical messages between neurons.

For example, neurotransmitter molecules might escape from one synapse, and diffuse away to be sensed by a more distant neuron.

Dopamine (which is connected to reward processing, motivation and attention) is one of the brain's primary neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers by which one neuron triggers its neighbor to fire a nerve impulse.

WHEN DISCUSSING neurotransmitters, most people think of the classical neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin — the primary chemical messengers used by neurons to communicate with one another and with other types of cells.

Astrocytes also form their own long - distance communication networks by «talking» via waves of calcium ions, and, like neurons, they can receive and release neurotransmitters.

A supercharged microprocessor Each of the 100 billion neurons in the human brain is an elaborate processor powered by neurotransmitters.

Genetic analysis of the activated cells in the two groups of mice showed that the neurons triggered by a full belly released glutamate, a chemical that nerve cells use to signal one another, while the neurons triggered by hunger released a different neurotransmitter, known as GABA.

«We were able to develop this very novel method to go to a single neuron and manipulate how it computes» by using drugs to block neurotransmitters at the level of a single nerve cell in a frog brain, and then measuring what happens to that neuron in response to frog calls, Alluri says.

The mechanism of presynaptic facilitation, therefore, may include activation of one or more serotonergic neurons, which enhance the release of a neurotransmitter by increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP in the terminals of the sensory neurons.

Fluoxetine and related drugs block the reuptake of serotonin, a neurotransmitter strongly tied to emotion, by nerve cells, or neurons.

«The neuron is discharging neurotransmitters, being excited by these inflammatory signals,» Perron says.

Through studying the brains of these mice, the team uncovered that the faulty gene inhibits neurons, by releasing excess of the neurotransmitter GABA.

The basic process by which signals pass through the brain involves neurotransmitters, which are carried inside the synaptic vesicles, being passed across synapses — the junctions between neurons.

Researchers have discovered that a new neurotransmitter — a chemical message sent by neurons — exists in the roundworm C. elegans.

Others had shown that the neurotransmitter glutamate was released by some STG motor neurons.

Marder's PhD work - which earned her a paper in the journal Nature - was to reveal that a second neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, was released by other STG neurons.

The toxins principally affect muscle - controlling motor neurons activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Important advances have included the discovery of the first evidence that the odour response is governed by neurons, of the intracellular signalling pathways between odorant receptors and sensory neurons, and of specific neurons, receptors and neurotransmitters involved in behaviour adaption following experience.

It is theorized that neurotransmitters modulate the electrical information passed back and forth between neurons, and thus the corresponding behaviors dictated by neurons (such as moving your arm or leg).

In the late 1970s, she revealed that the striatum, rather than being an amorphous mass of neurons, instead consisted of discrete clusters of neurons, «striosomes» (surrounded by «matrix»), that were visible upon staining for different neurotransmitters and their receptors.

The molecular mechanisms by which midbrain dopamine neurons acquire the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for synaptic release are revealed.

The first, cholinesterase inhibitors, act by inhibiting the breakdown of the neurotransmitter, or neuron - to - neuron chemical messenger, acetylcholine.

Choline is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is especially important in memory and mood, and it is also the transmitter most often used by neurons that communicate between the brain and the nerves controlling skeletal muscles, heart rate, breathing, sweating and salivation.

Dopamine — this functions as a neurotransmitter which is a chemical released by neurons or nerve cells to send signals to other nerve cells.

The H reflex is regarded as a measure of α - motor neuron excitability at the spinal level, but it can also be affected by inhibitory effects from Golgi tendon organ Ib afferents or by factors affecting neurotransmitter release at the Ia / α - motor neuron synapse (Palmieri et al. 2004).

By blocking adenosine, caffeine increases the firing of neurons and release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.

LSD wakes up the brain by blocking seratonin the neurotransmitter of the inhibitory neurons that ordinarily keeps the brain down to 10 % brain use.

Skeletal muscle contraction is stimulated by the emission of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) by the motor neuron, and terminated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ).