Monsters under the bed, bad guys breaking into the house, the boogeyman lurking in the closet... as children develop active imaginations, it's very common
for nighttime fear to be a side effect.
These kids may have more
nighttime fears as a result (Zisenwine 2012), and sleeping alone might make things worse.
Although the kids in the Australian study were selected from the general population (as opposed to a psychiatric practice or sleep clinic), researchers discovered that about 10 % of children complaining
of nighttime fears fit the criteria for an anxiety disorder.
Extreme or
persistent nighttime fears can result from a disturbing or traumatic event in the home, at preschool or daycare, or in the larger world.
Otherwise well - adjusted young children frequently experience anxiety when they are separated from their parents (Jenni et al 2005; Ainsworth et al 1978), and most children also
experience nighttime fears.
There is experimental evidence that this old standby really helps: In a study that randomly assigned fearful children to receive a toy «huggy puppy,» kids exhibited
fewer nighttime fears and sleep problems than did children in a control group.
Kids suffering
from nighttime fears may suffer from bedtime problems and and frequent night wakings.
Kids need help coping
with nighttime fears, and they need a helper who is sensitive to their developmental stage and individual temperament.
You may be able to reduce your child's
nighttime fears by helping him cope with daytime stress.
Many young children
develop nighttime fears related to their increasing cognitive development and imagination skills.
Moving to a new house, changing caregivers or teachers, and experiencing an act of violence or a natural disaster can also
trigger nighttime fears, as can physical or emotional abuse (in which case, there really may have been a monster in his room).
If your child has a sibling or even a pet, letting them bunk together can
make nighttime fears vanish as suddenly as they appeared.
To help kids cope with emotions associated with nightmares, see my article
on nighttime fears in children.
There is also the issue
of nighttime fears and nightmares which increase with age through childhood until a peak (often early childhood) then start to decrease again; these fears are considered cognitively, socially, and emotionally normal [7], but do result in night wakings that often require parental involvement.
As noted above, children who have trouble distinguishing fantasy and reality may be at higher risk
for nighttime fears (Zisenwine et al 2012).
Extreme or
persistent nighttime fears can result from a disturbing or traumatic event in the home, at school, or in the larger world.
When kids suffer
from nighttime fears or resist going to bed by themselves, they may be expressing psychologically normal, healthy responses.
Away from bedtime, take the opportunity to talk to your child about
their nighttime fears when the fears feel less close and real.
Here are some suggestions to help your child deal with his or
her nighttime fears.
With a little help and support from parents, most children leave
their nighttime fears behind.
If you suspect that
nighttime fears or separation anxiety are contributing to your child's bedtime problems, see this article for practical tips on teaching your child how to cope.
There is no evidence that
nighttime fears or separation anxiety will diminish as a result of sleep training.
Children lack the brain maturation and cognitive skills to cope well with distressing emotions, and there is no evidence that
nighttime fears or separation anxiety will diminish as a result of sleep training.
As a child becomes more aware of her surroundings,
nighttime fears, nightmares, separation anxiety, a drive to be more independent, and the ability to get of bed without the help of a parent can all contribute to sleep difficulties, but it's critical to work with your toddler to ensure he's getting enough sleep.
The parent shows the child how to counter
her nighttime fears, and the child tries each technique out.
As you and your child works through
her nighttime fears, you can switch to progressively dimmer lights (Glaze 2004).
Whether your child sleeps along or with family members,
nighttime fears and anxieties should be taken seriously.
Kids left to stew in the dark have more time to dwell on
nighttime fears (Ferber 1995).
They need someone to reassure them, to provide them with a sense of security, and to teach them how to overcome
their nighttime fears.
Treatment of children's
nighttime fears: the need for a modern randomised controlled trial.
If your child's
nighttime fears are depriving you of sleep, it's natural to feel resentment.
Addressing your child's
nighttime fears may also help her get more sleep.
Children's
nighttime fears: parent - child ratings of frequency, content, origins, coping behaviors and severity.
• During the daytime, create stories with your child in which the protagonist (your child's favorite fictional character or hero) learns to overcome
his nighttime fears.
And don't worry about having your child sleep with you for a while, just until
his nighttime fears subside and he's off to another developmental challenge.
Try to see things from their perspective, and be confident in the knowledge that
nighttime fears are a normal part of childhood development.
Your preschooler's
nighttime fears are normal but there are steps you can take to make them less likely.
It explores the evolutionary basis for
nighttime fears and discusses why kids are biologically unprepared to handle nighttime fears on their own.
For help identifying — and treating — your child's sleep troubles, see these articles on bedtime problems, night wakings, and
nighttime fears.
Needless to say,
nighttime fears can also be caused by physical or emotional abuse (in which case, there really may have been a monster in her room).
Also: If you don't mind having your child sleep with you for a while, until
his nighttime fears subside and he's off to another developmental challenge, don't worry about doing it.
Daily stresses as well as a child's temperament and stage of development can each contribute to
nighttime fears, notes Dr. Gwen Dewar, founder of the Parenting Science website.