First they doped a lithium
niobate crystal with traces of iron and manganese, which created traps for the electrons by adding a new set of energy levels.
Investigation on reversed domain structures in lithium
niobate crystals patterned by interference lithography S. Grilli, P. Ferraro, S. De Nicola, A. Finizio, G. Pierattini, P. De Natale, and M. Chiarini Optics Express 11, 392 - 405 (2003).
Not exact matches
The magic happens on the surface of a special
crystal called lithium
niobate (LiNbO3), which boasts excellent optical properties.
First they fired photons into
crystals of lithium
niobate.
The jewel in each stud is a pale green man - made
crystal — potassium lithium tantalate
niobate — concocted by Agranat, a 48 - year - old Israeli physicist.