Sentences with phrase «nitrate aerosol»

However, sulphate is invariably internally and externally mixed to varying degrees with other compounds such as biomass burning aerosol (e.g., Formenti et al., 2003), fossil fuel black carbon (e.g., Russell and Heintzenberg, 2000), organic carbon (Novakov et al., 1997; Brock et al., 2004), mineral dust (e.g., Huebert et al., 2003) and nitrate aerosol (e.g., Schaap et al., 2004).

Atmospheric ammonium nitrate aerosol forms if sulphate aerosol is fully neutralised and there is excess ammonia.

In addition, the weakening of the RF of sulphate aerosol in many regions due to reduced emissions (Section 2.4.4.1) will be partially balanced by increases in the RF of nitrate aerosol (e.g., Liao and Seinfeld, 2005).

The direct RF due to nitrate aerosol is therefore sensitive to atmospheric concentrations of ammonia as well as NOx emissions.

The TAR did not quantify the RF due to nitrate aerosol owing to the large discrepancies in the studies available at that time.

The forcing levels are relative to pre-industrial values and do not include land use (albedo), dust, or nitrate aerosol forcing.

Do you mean simulations isolating sulfate and nitrate aerosols or do you mean simulations isolating CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons), a relatively unimportant greenhouse gas - due to its relatively extremely low concentrations in the atmosphere?).

Some of those other forcings (sulphate and nitrate aerosols, land use changes, solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, for instance) can cause cooling.

In the AeroCom exercise, nitrate aerosols were not included so fewer estimates of this compound exist compared to the other aerosol species considered.

In this case the computed forcings incorporate the effects of other aerosol types which have a similar spatial distribution to sulphate aerosols, such as nitrate aerosols or carbonaceous aerosols from fossil fuel combustion.

Not exact matches

Another study, published last year in Reviews of Geophysics, lists the man - made aerosols as coming from sulfates, nitrate and black carbon emitted by internal combustion engines, coal - fired power plants, slash - and - burn agricultural practices, and smoke from cooking.

«Nighttime chemical evolution of aerosol and trace gases in a power plant plume: Implications for secondary organic nitrate and organosulfate aerosol formation, NO3 radical chemistry, and N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis.»

These components — specifically aerosols (particulates in the air — dust, soot, sulphates, nitrates, pollen etc.) and atmospheric chemistry (ozone, methane)-- are both affected by climate and affect climate, since aerosols and ozone can interact, absorb, reflect or scatter solar and thermal radiation.

«Inorganic aerosols, like sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, are well - represented in climate models.

c) anthropogenic aerosols — mainly sulfate and nitrate (from emissions of SO2 and NOx / NH3) have a strong direct effect and undoubted liquid cloud nucleation impacts (the indirect effects).

The bottom line is that uncertainties in the physics of aerosol effects (warming from black carbon, cooling from sulphates and nitrates, indirect effects on clouds, indirect effects on snow and ice albedo) and in the historical distributions, are really large (as acknowledged above).

Such mixtures of absorbing and scattering aerosols (including other particulate matter such as nitrate, potassium and so on) are referred to as ABCs, for atmospheric brown clouds11» https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo918

Key aerosol groups include sulfates, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrates, mineral dust, and sea salt.

Atmospheric nitrate is essentially non-absorbing in the visible spectrum, and laboratory studies have been performed to determine the hygroscopicity of the aerosols (e.g., Tang 1997; Martin et al., 2004 and references therein).

For the first time best estimates are given for nitrate and mineral dust aerosols.

Coatings with soluble substances, such as sulphate or nitrate, will change the ability of mineral dust aerosols to nucleate cloud droplets (Levin et al., 1996; Section 7.5.2.1).

In general, primary aerosol components (black carbon, hydrocarbon - like organic aerosol and biomass burning organic aerosol) dominated the local traffic and wood burning emissions whereas secondary components (oxygenated organic aerosol, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) dominated the PM1 chemical composition during the LRT episode.

All secondary aerosols (sulphuric, nitrates and organics) are computed on - line together with the aerosol associated water.

Ram is the scientific guru of the study of tropospheric aerosols (soot, dust, sulphates, nitrates and other chemicals that together constitute the low - lying «haze» seen over polluted cities worldwide, and now, large parts of Asia).

First, we have to consider the effect of aerosols, which start off as urban haze or rural smoke and ultimately become transcontinental and transoceanic plumes o ABCs consisting of sulfate, nitrate, hundreds of organics, black carbon, soil dust, fly ash, and other aerosols.

Also, how is aerosol formation affected over cities by high level of ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)?

The present 3 - D modeling study focuses on aerosol chemical composition change since preindustrial times considering the secondary organic aerosol formation together with all other main aerosol components including nitrate.

In particular, we evaluate non-sea-salt sulfate (nss - SO4 =), ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 --RRB-, black carbon (BC), sea - salt, dust, primary and secondary organics (POA and SOA) with a focus on the importance of secondary organic aerosols.