Sentences with phrase «nitrogen atmosphere of»

This panorama was captured in 2005 as the Huygens probe plummeted through the thick nitrogen atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.

Not exact matches

And it has a very helpful atmosphere which, in the case of Mars, being primarily CO2 with some nitrogen, and argon, and few other trace elements, means that we can grow plants on Mars just by compressing the atmosphere.

It possesses a dense nitrogen - rich atmosphere with a surface pressure one and a half times that of Earth's.

And what about the entire ecological system of things, that works in harmony with us as humans for life to exist, from our atmosphere at 78 % nitrogen, 21 % oxygen down to the magnetosphere that comes from within the core of the earth and protects us from the sun's damaging electrically charged particles?

Automobiles, power plants and industries release oxides of nitrogen into the atmosphere.

They now constitute quite a substantial proportion of the nitrogen that goes from the atmosphere into the soils and waters of the Earth.

Carbon - 13, one tracer used to probe a variety of geochemical processes, is typically formed when high - energy cosmic rays enter the atmosphere and strike the most abundant form of nitrogen there — nitrogen - 14 atoms.

When the Cornell researchers suggested the presence of azotosomes on Titan, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen had already been detected in abundance in the moon's atmosphere.

Saturn's moon Titan is the only moon in the solar system that has an atmosphere as thick as Earth's, consisting of more than 98 percent nitrogen, roughly 1.4 percent of methane, and smaller amounts of other gases.

When burned, it produces nothing more than water vapour and nitrogen, which makes up 78 per cent of Earth's atmosphere.

The atmosphere consists primarily of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, a highly variable smattering of water vapor, and trace amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, and other gases.

Previous modelling attempts to resolve the paradox by loading the early atmosphere with greenhouse gases assumed that it has always had the same amount of nitrogen.

«Titan's atmosphere is made up mainly of nitrogen and methane, with 50 % higher pressure at its surface than on Earth,» said Andrew Coates (UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory), who led the study.

In a paper released for discussion in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Crutzen calculated that 3 to 5 percent of the nitrogen in the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse gas.

The Methods: Photochemical modeling by a Caltech team indicates that ethane, a hydrocarbon detected on Titan by both of the Voyager spacecraft and the European Infrared Space Observatory, is created when solar ultraviolet light breaks down methane, a minor component of Titan's nitrogen - rich atmosphere, into a stew of organic molecules that form a dense orange - brown smog.

Researchers believe that the cloud top reacts by driving swarms of electrons into the upper atmosphere; along the way, the electrons crash into nitrogen molecules between 50 and 90 kilometers high and make them glow a fiery red.

We have no real idea what the atmosphere of Proxima b is made of, but for the sake of argument the researchers tried out an atmosphere like Earth's as well as a simpler one — mostly nitrogen with a dash of carbon dioxide.

They become caught in powerful magnetic fields and are channeled into the upper atmosphere, where their interactions with gas particles, such as oxygen or nitrogen, set off spectacular bursts of light.

Eventually, they crash into the first wisps of the atmosphere, molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases 100 to 300 kilometers high.

Titan, the largest of Saturn's more than 60 moons, is the other body in our solar system with a nitrogen - rich atmosphere that resembles ours.

«It has been established that the nitrates, which is a form of nitrogen, comes from fixation of atmospheric diatomic nitrogen in the atmosphere during meteorite impacts, which is consistent with the data that we obtained through the SAM analyses, so this may be the main source of fixed nitrogen on Mars,» says Javier Martín - Torres.

A team of scientists using a state - of - the - art UCLA instrument reports the discovery of a planetary - scale «tug - of - war» of life, deep Earth and the upper atmosphere that is expressed in atmospheric nitrogen.

Two nitrogen atoms combine to form N2 molecules that stay in the atmosphere for millions of years.

Scientists now believe the primeval atmosphere contained an inert mix of carbon dioxide and nitrogen — a change that made a world of difference.

Scientists have discovered a planetary - scale tug - of - war between life, deep Earth and the upper atmosphere that is expressed in atmospheric nitrogen.

The lack of legions of bacteria to recycle nitrogen back into the Martian atmosphere may explain why the red planet has no gaseous nitrogen today, he says.

In parallel work, Mikhail Eremets of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany found a novel bond between atoms of nitrogen, the most common element in Earth's atmosphere.

Earth's atmosphere differs from the atmospheres of most other rocky planets and moons in our solar system in that it is rich in nitrogen gas, or N2; Earth's atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen gas.

On Titan the photochemistry starts at the top of the atmosphere, about 1000 kilometres up, where energetic ultraviolet photons from the sun and cosmic rays trigger reactions among methane and nitrogen molecules.

However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has increasingly recognized nitrogen fertilizer use as a significant source of NOx gases to the atmosphere.

Its availability in the biosphere is limited by the fact that the global occurrence of nitrogen is confined largely to the gas N2 in the atmosphere.

«Those electrons are driven into the upper atmosphere, collide with nitrogen and oxygen atoms and molecules, and then create a spray of secondary and tertiary radiation, likely in the form of gamma rays,» Tobiska says.

Previous modelling efforts to resolve the paradox by loading the early atmosphere with greenhouse gases assumed that it has always had the same concentration of nitrogen.

Only a few bacteria and simple algae have the cellular equipment needed to «fix» the nitrogen of the atmosphere into ammonia.

The amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere has quickly increased as well, with about a third of the total added by human activity — much of that emitted by nitrogen - based fertilizers, and half of that from just three nations: China, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

The great benefit is that legumes contribute to cropping systems; they can help take nitrogen out of the atmosphere and make it available in the soil.

The team thinks one reason their technique is so efficient is that a chemical reaction between the hydrogen plasma and air molecules in the chamber's atmosphere generates cyano radicals — carbon - nitrogen molecules that have been stripped of their electrons.

By the way, this effect is most prevalent when the particles that do the scattering are smaller than the wavelength of light, as is the case for the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the atmosphere.

Carbon monoxide has a vapour pressure intermediate between that of nitrogen and methane, so Owen and his colleagues believe that carbon monoxide is the second most abundant gas in Pluto's atmosphere.

Even though nitrogen gas makes up approximately 80 percent of Earth's atmosphere, the plant can only access it in a bound — or «fixed» — form.

To do this, the team first pumped all the oxygen out of the chamber, and instead filled it with inert nitrogen or carbon dioxide — the most common components of the Martian atmosphere.

Molecular nitrogen (N2) dominates the atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 1800 kilometers or so), whereas methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), and ethane (C2H6) are abundant minor species and likely feed the production of an extensive haze that encompasses Pluto.

Like Earth, Titan has an atmosphere composed primarily of molecular nitrogen, and surface pressures are roughly comparable.

These, in turn, triggered reactions in the upper atmosphere in which oxygen and nitrogen molecules released photons of light.

The haze results from chemical reactions in the upper atmosphere, where ultraviolet radiation from the sun ionizes nitrogen and methane, which react to form tiny hydrocarbon particles tens of nanometers in diameter.

«We found that all of these effects, which are the major ones from cratering, do not seem to supply enough nitrogen to supply the escaping atmosphere over time,» continued Singer.

Among biogenic volatile organic molecules is a class of compounds called monoterpenes, which react with ozone, hydroxyl radicals, nitrogen oxides, and other gases in the atmosphere.

For example, they revealed that the west side of Pluto's «heart» is rich in carbon - monoxide ice, unlike the rest of the dwarf planet, and they announced that the probe had detected Pluto's thin, nitrogen - dominated atmosphere out to a distance of 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from the surface.

«More nitrogen has to come from somewhere to resupply both the nitrogen ice that is moving around Pluto's surface in seasonal cycles, and the nitrogen that is escaping off the top of the atmosphere as the result of heating by ultraviolet light from the Sun,» said Singer.

Their analysis, which could discern human - derived nitrogen from natural nitrogen fixation, revealed that the oceanic nitrate concentration increased significantly over the last 30 years in surface waters of the North Pacific due largely to the enhanced deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere.