Sentences with phrase «nitrogen deposition in»

How do phytoplankton respond to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the western North Atlantic, an area downwind of large agricultural and industrial centers?

Not exact matches

In an upcoming paper, Max Bothwell, a scientist at Environment Canada, proposed that climate change is one of four factors — along with atmospheric deposition of nitrogen from fossil fuel burning — boosting the blooms.

A substantial portion of the planet is greening in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, nitrogen deposition, global warming and land use change.

Glaser et al. show that dust deposition mediated by frequent tropical storms was an important source of nutrients for the Everglades until about 2800 years ago, when a climatic shift in the tropical Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico led to weather patterns that sharply decreased the level of dust inputs and led to a drier climate and a gradual loss of soil phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen.

By analyzing data from 270 monitoring sites around the country, Zhang and his colleagues found that the amount of nitrogen deposition, as measured in precipitation, had increased by 60 % — or 8 kilograms per hectare per year — between 1980 and 2010.

The flux of nutrients associated with this discharge consists of an annual median of three million tonnes of nitrogen, twenty thousand of phosphorus, and three million of silica, which represent a magnitude of inorganic nutrients comparable to that of external sources traditionally considered in marine studies, such as the atmospheric deposition and riverine runoff.

Thus, past and future increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition have the potential to alter the base of the marine food web; and, in the long term, the structure of the ecosystem.

Given the likelihood that the magnitude of atmospheric nitrogen deposition will continue to increase in the future, the North Pacific Ocean could rapidly switch to having surplus nitrate.

Their analysis, which could discern human - derived nitrogen from natural nitrogen fixation, revealed that the oceanic nitrate concentration increased significantly over the last 30 years in surface waters of the North Pacific due largely to the enhanced deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere.

Their assessment revealed a consistent picture of increasing nitrate concentrations, the magnitude and pattern of which can only be explained by the observed increase in atmospheric nitrogen deposition.

«Fifty - four percent of that is fertilizer — the Haber - Bosch process; 11 percent is atmospheric deposition — the plus side of pollution; 18 percent is in situ fixation,» or nitrogen - fixing cover crops, like legumes, Sanchez said.

Possible mechanisms include (iv) fertilization of phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean by increased deposition of iron - containing dust from the atmosphere after being carried by winds from colder, drier continental areas, and a subsequent redistribution of limiting nutrients; (v) an increase in the whole ocean nutrient content (e.g., through input of material exposed on shelves or nitrogen fixation); and (vi) an increase in the ratio between carbon and other nutrients assimilated in organic material, resulting in a higher carbon export per unit of limiting nutrient exported.

Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition.

I'd suspect that a change in soil microbiology might also change the way the soil holds onto water — and we know we're getting changes due to increased deposition of nitrogen, for example, from the air.

These forcings are spatially heterogeneous and include the effect of aerosols on clouds and associated precipitation [e.g., Rosenfeld et al., 2008], the influence of aerosol deposition (e.g., black carbon (soot)[Flanner et al. 2007] and reactive nitrogen [Galloway et al., 2004]-RRB-, and the role of changes in land use / land cover [e.g., Takata et al., 2009].

According to the scientists, there is no evidence that trees are growing faster in Panama, despite the «long - term increases in nitrogen deposition and atmospheric carbon dioxide».

A research group led by the South Korean Pohang University has measured the effects of atmospheric and fluvial nitrogen deposition [through nitrate] in the coastal seas around China, Korea and Japan.

Here we construct a database of worldwide RS observations matched with high - resolution historical climate data and find a previously unknown temporal trend in the RS record after accounting for mean annual climate, leaf area, nitrogen deposition and changes in CO2 measurement technique.

The relationship between N2O fluxes and NO3 — concentrations is consistent with observations from small streams (Baulch et al. 2011) as well as observed positive relationships between concentrations of N2O and NO3 — in reservoirs (Beaulieu et al. 2015) and in lakes receiving atmospheric nitrogen deposition (McCrackin and Elser 2011).

However, in many developing regions, an increase in nitrogen deposition is projected for the end of the 21st century, mostly related to the projected increases in NH3 emissions due to agricultural activities.

Increased uptake in the past decade may be a consequence of a reduced rate of deforestation [217] and fertilization of the biosphere by atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition [187].

Modeling and field studies confirm a major role of nitrogen deposition, working in concert with CO2 fertilization, in causing a large increase in net primary productivity of temperate and boreal forests.

Scientific confidence of the occurrence of climate change include, for example, that over at least the last 50 years there have been increases in the atmospheric concentration of CO2; increased nitrogen and soot (black carbon) deposition; changes in the surface heat and moisture fluxes over land; increases in lower tropospheric and upper ocean temperatures and ocean heat content; the elevation of sea level; and a large decrease in summer Arctic sea ice coverage and a modest increase in Antarctic sea ice coverage.

Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition.

These human forcings include greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. CO2, methane, CFCs), aerosol emissions and deposition [e.g., black carbon (soot), sulfates, and reactive nitrogen], and changes in land use and land cover.

Globally, biodiversity (represented by species richness and relative abundance) may decrease by 13 to 19 % due to a combination of land - use change, climate change and nitrogen deposition under four scenarios by 2050 relative to species present in 1970 (Duraiappah et al., 2005).

In freshwater systems, acidifying depositions occur following the release of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere, mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels, which then may fall in dry or wet forIn freshwater systems, acidifying depositions occur following the release of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere, mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels, which then may fall in dry or wet forin dry or wet form.

«We got exactly the same results when we applied CO2 alone, but when we factored in realistic treatments — warming, changes in nitrogen deposition, changes in precipitation — growth was actually suppressed.»

Beyond health, additional impacts of emissions such as ocean acidification, biodiversity loss, ecosystem impacts of nitrogen deposition, and changes in visibility are omitted, suggesting that these damages are conservative and leaving ample opportunities to further improve the comprehensiveness of social cost metrics.

The climate feedbacks involved with these changes, which are key in understanding the climate system as a whole, include: + the importance of aerosol absorption on climate + the impact of aerosol deposition which affects biology and, hence, emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors via organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and iron fertilization + the importance of land use and land use changes on natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources + the SOA sources and impact on climate, with special attention on the impact human activities have on natural SOA formation In order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding of the Earth systein understanding the climate system as a whole, include: + the importance of aerosol absorption on climate + the impact of aerosol deposition which affects biology and, hence, emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors via organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and iron fertilization + the importance of land use and land use changes on natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources + the SOA sources and impact on climate, with special attention on the impact human activities have on natural SOA formation In order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding of the Earth systeIn order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding of the Earth system.