There is an emerging category of curriculum designed around developing
the non-cognitive skills of our students.
This project, in partnership with the School Choice Demonstration Project at the University of Arkansas, addresses the effects of LSP vouchers on the achievement and
non-cognitive skills of students offered vouchers, as well as racial segregation and the competitive effects on students in public schools.
Not exact matches
The initial reaction
of many educators, when they first encounter the research about
non-cognitive abilities that I wrote about in How Children Succeed, is to try to figure out how to teach their
students these
skills.
I draw on the work
of many analysts, including Melissa Roderick at the Consortium on Chicago Schools Research and the authors
of the book «Crossing the Finish Line,» to suggest that doing a better job
of developing
non-cognitive skills in
students could be a particularly fruitful way to increase college - graduation rates.
The help they can give their
students that will have as much
of an effect, if not more, on how well they do is with developing their character, their
non-cognitive skills.
First did you identify any particular population
of students that is lacking these healthy
non-cognitive skills more than others?
Nobel Prize - winning economics professor, James Heckman, emphasizes the importance
of non-cognitive skills such as persistence, curiosity and motivation, but how can teachers best foster those traits in
students?
Tough documents the devastating effects
of adverse childhood experiences on children's ability to cope with stress, and he reports on recent educational programs to help
students develop «
non-cognitive»
skills - grit, optimism, curiosity, zest, social intelligence, gratitude, and self - control — that are essential to success in life.
Brent Duckor, associate professor in the Department
of Teacher Education at San José State University, frames such «
non-cognitive»
skills in a different way, putting the emphasis, not on whether a
student inherently possesses tenacity, for instance, but on what seems to encourage perseverance and the contexts for learning that advance deeper
student engagement.
We have shown that, despite their limitations, aggregate measures
of non-cognitive skills based on
student self - reports provide useful information about
students» development, as both levels and year - to - year changes in
students» self - ratings are associated with changes in related academic and behavioral outcomes.
In addition, the differences in test - score gains between bottom - and top - quartile
students on each
non-cognitive skill amount to almost a full year's worth
of learning in math over the middle school years.
It is therefore essential that researchers and educators seeking to enhance
students»
non-cognitive skills develop alternative measures that are valid across a broad range
of school settings.
In recent years, Angela Duckworth's work around «grit» has been widely taken up in school reform circles as a way
of thinking about building
students «
non-cognitive skills,» which are presumably critical for later life success.
As importantly, it appears that existing survey - based measures
of non-cognitive skills, although perhaps useful for making comparisons among
students within the same educational environment, are inadequate to gauge the effectiveness
of schools, teachers, or interventions in cultivating the development
of those
skills.
If the apparent negative effects
of attending a «no excuses» charter school on conscientiousness, self - control, and grit do in fact reflect reference bias, then what our data show is that these schools influence the standards to which
students hold themselves when evaluating their own
non-cognitive skills.
Despite making far larger test - score gains than
students attending open - enrollment district schools, and despite the emphasis their schools place on cultivating
non-cognitive skills, charter school
students exhibit markedly lower average levels
of self - control as measured by
student self - reports (see Figure 2).
In this episode, Paul E. Peterson talks with Albert Cheng, the author
of a new paper that finds that the
students who choose CTE may not be as engaged in their academic courses but have strong
non-cognitive skills.
The studies were conducted as a partnership with the School Choice Demonstration Project at the University
of Arkansas and look at the impact
of the vouchers on
student achievement and
non-cognitive skills, on racial segregation, and on
students attending nearby public schools (competitive effects).
But as the early debate around the Every
Student Succeeds Act illustrates, measures
of character and
non-cognitive skills don't appear ready for prime time, and they may never be appropriate for high - stakes decisions.
• Boost the employment prospects
of disadvantaged youth via high - quality career and technical education programs • Help their
students develop «performance character» — particularly drive and prudence • Offer a full suite
of well - organized extracurricular activities (to help build those all - important
non-cognitive skills and to keep kids off the streets) • Most importantly, give their
students a sense
of hope and purpose
CORE says it will expand measures
of a school's success to include factors reflecting social and emotional learning — rates
of suspension, absenteeism and as yet undefined gauges
of non-cognitive skills — as well as school climate and culture, as measured by
student and parent surveys, rates
of identifying special education
students and the progress
of English learners.
With the Hitt and Trivitt measure, we will have an early warning indicator
of whether
students are acquiring
non-cognitive skills and are more likely to have higher attainment later.
Measures
of Student Non-Cognitive Skills and Political Tolerance after Two Years
of the Louisiana Scholarship Program
With all we know about the impact
of non-cognitive skills on progress, and little science validating the connection between age and grades, we must open up the field to powerful approaches to
student centric, not grade centric education.
My
student, Collin Hitt, and colleague, Julie Trivitt, have an amazing paper on how we can efficiently measure an important
non-cognitive skill that is strongly predictive
of later life outcomes.
This report examines the short - term effects
of the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP) on
students»
non-cognitive skills and civic values.
We surveyed over 1,100 entering college freshmen, majoring in business and engineering at a public university in the US, and combined this information with administrative data to create a comprehensive data set that, in addition to the usual academic performance data, cognitive ability measures, and demographics, also included measures
of non-cognitive skills, personality traits, and
student expectations about college success.
This range
of student needs means that teachers are indeed still doing differentiated instruction around both
skills and content (although the report clarifies that
skills — particularly
non-cognitive skills — become more important in this new paradigm).
Easily the most ambitious effort to deploy common measures
of non-cognitive skills as part
of a performance management system is unfolding in California's CORE Districts, a consortium
of nine school districts that collectively serve over one million
students in more than 1,500 schools.
Yet a few school systems are moving forward with using
student self - reports to systematically track the development
of non-cognitive skills and even with including them as a component
of school accountability systems; others may well follow.
Duckworth and Yeager identify three key concerns with the use
of student self - reports
of non-cognitive skills into accountability systems.
Anna Egalite, Jonathan Mills, and I have a new study in the journal Improving Schools in which we administer multiple measures
of «
non-cognitive»
skills to the same sample
of students to see if we get consistent results.
This evidence, along with a new federal requirement that state accountability systems include an indicator
of school quality or
student success not based on test scores, has sparked interest in incorporating such «
non-cognitive» or «social - emotional»
skills into school accountability systems.
At the same time, important questions have been raised about the suitability
of extant measures
of non-cognitive skills, most
of which rely on asking
students to assess their own abilities, for accountability purposes.
If you were holding out hope that the expansion
of educational measures to include
non-cognitive skills would give policymakers, researchers, and pundits a stronger ability to prescribe how and where
students should be educated, I have some bad news for you.
My former
students, Dan Bowen and Albert Cheng, have a new study that was just published in the Journal
of Catholic Education on how religious priming may affect
student character or
non-cognitive skills.
Yet important questions have been raised about the suitability
of extant measures
of non-cognitive skills, most
of which rely on asking
students to assess their own abilities, for accountability purposes.
The most ambitious effort to deploy common measures
of non-cognitive skills as part
of a performance management system is unfolding in California's CORE Districts, a consortium
of nine school districts that collectively serve over one million
students.
In the original memo that unveiled the new performance report, NJDOE's Chief Performance Officer / Assistant Commissioner
of Data, Research, Evaluation and Reporting, Bari Erlichson (2013) stated: While [sic] the evaluation
of student outcome data is crucial for school improvement, we know that these data alone can not capture the dozens
of other essential elements
of schools such as a positive school climate, participation in extracurricular programs and the development
of non-cognitive skills.
In this brief, Raudenbush reviews the research on the relevance
of a teacher's value - added to lasting cognitive and
non-cognitive skills that help prepare
students for success later in life.
Specialization in research - based,
non-cognitive «soft
skills» development is a noted strength
of both organizations and will continue to be a vital part
of the combined company's approach to serving
students.
Non-Cognitive Dissonance: Clarifying the Theoretical Dimensions, Practical Value, and Empirical Horizons
of Non-Cognitive Skills in Teachers and
Students
The Role
Of Non-Cognitive Skills In
Students» Academic Performance And Life Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study
Of Resilience
If adventure learning interventions are effective because
of their impact on
non-cognitive skills, then explicitly encouraging
students to actively apply these
skills in the classroom is likely to increase effectiveness.
Thus, the causes and consequences
of disparities in
students»
non-cognitive outcomes (known variously as socioemotional
skills, character
skills, social
skills, and 21st - century
skills), remains under - studied.
U.S. Department
of Education
Skills for Success grants support projects that implement, evaluate, and refine approaches for developing the non-cognitive skills of middle - grade students (e.g., self - regulation, collaboration, growth mindset) to increase their su
Skills for Success grants support projects that implement, evaluate, and refine approaches for developing the
non-cognitive skills of middle - grade students (e.g., self - regulation, collaboration, growth mindset) to increase their su
skills of middle - grade
students (e.g., self - regulation, collaboration, growth mindset) to increase their success.
The problems include how to close literacy gaps between Achievement First
students, who are mostly poor minorities, and their statewide peers; and how to help kids build «habits
of success,» also known as «character development» or «
non-cognitive»
skills.
We examine the effect
of university education on
students»
non-cognitive skills (NCS) using high - quality Australian longitudinal data.
With funding from the Office
of Innovation and Improvement, the district is developing tools and strategies to improve
students»
non-cognitive skills with an emphasis on STEM.
In 2015, Trinity College developed a test - optional policy that allows application readers to get to know the applicant well beyond just their grades and test scores.This change in policy stemmed from growing research in the area
of non-cognitive skills, which leads us to believe that there are alternative factors, besides just standardized test scores, class rank, grades, and essays, that are essential to understanding potential
student success in college and later in life.