Sentences with phrase «non-integer number of atoms»

... heads - up, no - limit Texas Hold»em represents an especially complex challenge with 10160 possible plays at different stages of the game (possibly more than the number of atoms in the universe).

There are only a few rules but there are a lot of potential moves that can be played at any one time — the figure is considerably higher than the number of atoms in the universe.

We're talking about statistical possibilities that are astronomically small, exceeding the number of atoms we even have in the known universe.

How do any number of atoms, which are mostly empty space, turn into tables and chairs and mountains and little green lizards?

At a conservative estimate, say 15 Sites per enzyme must be fixed to be filled by particular amino acids for proper biological function... [T] he probability of discovering this set by random shuffling is one in 1040,000, a number that exceeds by many powers of 10 the number of all atoms in the entire observable universe [Science News, Vol.

Where relatively simple molecular units are concerned their order of complexity may be roughly expressed by the number of atoms they contain, their «corpuscular number» as one might call it.

At this level of organization, in fact, the actual number of atoms contained in complex units is of minor importance compared with the number and quality of the links established between the atoms.

it becomes impossible to estimate the number of atoms, which would be so vast as to be almost meaningless even if it could be calculated.

One proposes a numerical unit built on Avogadro's number, derived from the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon - 12.

If there were a long tail, Krimigis says, the changes in the number of atoms wouldn't be the same in both directions.

His approach included quantum effects, predicting that the fastest decay occurred when the number of quanta was half the number of atoms.

The challenge was to explain how genes act lawfully, and cause organisms to behave lawfully, while being composed of a very small number of atoms, a significant proportion of which may be behaving unlawfully.

The atoms are in a so - called quantum degenerate gas, in which large numbers of atoms interact with each other.

That's vastly larger than the number of atoms in our universe.

«People would also like to do other experiments aside from quantum computing, such as simulating condensed matter physics, with a predetermined number of atoms, and now with this technique it should be possible,» Vuletic says.

They will design improved cluster systems with better electrical performances (e.g. higher on / off current ratio, different accessible states), and increase the number of atoms in the cluster core while maintaining the atomic precision and uniformity of the compound.

In order to do more advanced simulations of melts, the team would like to be able to expand its simulations to account for a wider range of chemical processes as well as expand the number of atoms in a typical run.

While others have demonstrated this between two neutral atoms, they have not been able to retain quantum gates in systems involving large numbers of atoms.

As an alternative, perhaps we could use a block of some material for which it is easier to make an estimate of the number of atoms it contained.

So, we average over an enormous number of thermal oscillations and an enormous numbers of atoms — the laser beam does that automatically.

The ground state of the solid is assumed to be an incommensurate crystal, with quantum zero - point vacancies and interstitials and thus a non-integer number of atoms per unit cell.

Each radioactive element decays exponentially, decreasing over time (t) at a rate proportional to the number of atoms there are (N).

A thermodynamic model explains that supersolid 4He — a solid that flows as a superfluid — is a crystal in which the number of lattice sites mismatches the number of atoms.

«We might be able to open up a new kind of chemistry where elements could be simulated with metals — in this case aluminum — of different numbers of atoms.»

Indeed, under these conditions an atom belonging to a given sublattice has only a very small number of neighbors (one or two) in each of the other sublattices, and the molecular field method, which consists in replacing the instantaneous action of an atom by that of an average atom, will be more likely to yield a correct result, the larger the number of atoms to which it is applied.

Even for just a handful of players, this number is greater than the number of atoms in the universe.

The number of atoms and the intensity of the laser beam are chosen such that each lattice site is occupied with exactly one atom.

The ATRAP group, Gabrielse says, made the choice to increase the number of atoms in the trap rather than increasing the sensitivity of the instruments to detect small numbers of anti-atoms, as ALPHA has done.

Compared with Ye's previous 1 - D clocks, the new 3 - D quantum gas clock can reach the same level of precision more than 20 times faster due to the large number of atoms and longer coherence times.

The emission rate increases proportionally to the number of atoms squared, making the laser much brighter than is possible without synchronization.

Clock stability could be improved further by increasing the number of atoms, but a higher density of atoms also encourages collisions, shifting the frequencies at which the atoms tick and reducing clock accuracy.

The Planck constant can also be used to define the Avogadro constant, the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon - 12, which in turn can be used to obtain the mole.

Researchers with a kilogram - definition initiative called the Avogadro Project are trying bridge this gap by fashioning spheres of silicon containing precise numbers of atoms.

Noise contributions of the strontium lattice clock as a function of the number of atoms.

Both men made contributions to the study of the Monster, a group with more symmetries than the number of atoms in the sun.

«One amazing thing is that you can keep attaching an arbitrary number of atoms to these molecules,» Killian said.

In practice, the proposed experiment would consist in preparing a topological phase, by loading an ultracold gas into an optical lattice, and in subsequently shaking this lattice in a circular manner; the resulting heating rates would then be extracted by measuring the number of atoms that remained in the topological phase after a certain duration of shaking.

«It's a highly accurate technique based on the quantum Monte Carlo method — a family of algorithms but usually limited to a small number of particles — that we have developed in order to consider now a large number of atoms, and obtain an almost realistic situation.

To improve the strength of the clock's signal, Rey's team tried upping the number of atoms.

«The fact that the frequency is changing with the number of atoms is very bad,» Rey says.

First, Go has a ridiculous number of possible moves and outcomes — according to the researchers, there are more possible positions in Go than the number of atoms in the universe.

The number of events scientists detect relates directly to the number of atoms of uranium and thorium inside the Earth.

The false colors indicate the number of atoms at each velocity, with red being the fewest and white being the most.

«At this scale you can count the number of atoms, and you enter the realm of quantum mechanics», says Groenendijk.

Most of these molecules contain a small number of atoms, and only a few molecules with eight or more atoms have been found in interstellar clouds.

Methods: Diphenylphosphine ligands, which consist of two phenyl (C6H5) substituted phosphorus centers separated by a carbon chain of variable length, produce gold clusters with extremely narrow distributions in size; that is, the synthesis route produces a large quantity of clusters with the same number of gold atoms as well as a small number of clusters with similar numbers of atoms.

Nanotechnology is a group of emerging technologies in which the structure of matter is controlled at the nanometer scale, the scale of small numbers of atoms, to produce novel materials and devices that have useful and unique properties.

Bryan Goldsmith, a Humboldt postdoctoral fellow at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Plank Society in Berlin and a young scientist attending the 67th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting and his colleagues recently applied a data analytics tool called subgroup discovery to see how physical and chemical properties relate to the structure of gold nanoclusters containing varying numbers of atoms.

The algorithm rediscovered the known property that gold nanoclusters with even number of atoms are semiconducting, whereas those with an odd number of atoms are metallic.

â $ œNow, we finally have the computing capability to explore greater complexities using quantum mechanics — greater numbers of atoms, the possible crystal structures, and their properties.