Studies on calorie restriction through short - term fasting just before chemotherapy — defined as a complete lack of food and caloric beverages (
noncaloric beverages such as water are allowed) for 72 hours or less — has demonstrated a wide range of beneficial effects.
All participants received a snack immediately after every training session, including a cheese sandwich, an apple, and
a noncaloric beverage (total energy intake, 1151 kJ; 37 g of carbohydrates, 10 g of protein, and 9 g of fat).