Sentences with phrase «noncoding dna»

S. L. Page and Morris Goodman, «Catarrhine phylogeny: Noncoding DNA evidence for a diphyletic origin of the mangabeys and for a human - chimpanzee clade,» Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 18 (1): 14 - 25 (January 2001).

Benchmarking tools for the alignment of functional noncoding DNA.

Benchmarking tools for the alignment of functional noncoding DNA D.A. Pollard, C.M. Bergman, J. Stoye, S.E. Celniker, and M.B. Eisen BMC Bioinformatics (2004) 5:6 Correction Download entire paper in pdf format Download correction in pdf format

The HGP and subsequent research efforts have changed the consensus view of genes and noncoding DNA, casting them as part of an increasingly complex image of genes, DNA and other components of the genome.

The researchers zeroed in on a single - nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that appeared to be the causal mutation, typically consisting of an adenine nucleotide but appearing as a guanine nucleotide in roughly a third of the population, located in a region of noncoding DNA that falls within the PHACTR1 gene.

It is as if Saccharomyces cerevisiae has found the philosopher's stone but instead of changing lead to gold, it turns noncoding DNA into a gene that codes for a partially structured protein.

The team then bred the mice and checked their offspring for DNA mutations.The mice born to males that breathed unfiltered air had up to 2.8 times more mutations in particular stretches of noncoding DNA than did mice with fathers that breathed filtered air, or clean air at a rural site.

They extracted and amplified DNA from these samples, concentrating on microsatellites, repetitive noncoding DNA sections that rapidly accumulate genetic changes.

«Two classes of GGAA - microsatellites in a Ewing sarcoma context: Characterization of GGAA - microsatellites provides insight in the role of noncoding DNA in cancer susceptibility and therapeutic development.»

Already, researchers have linked noncoding DNA to Crohn disease, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, and other disorders, suggesting that enhancers could be targets for medical manipulation.

And this so - called noncoding DNA plays a role in some diseases, studies have shown.

Noncoding DNA includes stretches called enhancers, short sequences that help control a target gene.

Some of the transcripts hail from noncoding DNA, the researchers report, but those that do match up with the 399 ENCODE genes overlap with each other extensively.

Now, a new study probing so - called noncoding DNA has found that alterations in regions that regulate gene activity may also contribute to autism.

The shared patterns of gene expression in the limbs and phallus are generated in part by a common set of noncoding DNA, also called «elements» or «enhancers,» which act to control gene expression in both of these structures, argues a study published October 1 in Developmental Cell.

Sebat's team was especially interested in the parts of noncoding DNA that regulate gene expression.

The conclusion is that many of these noncoding regions of DNA should be more broadly categorized as «appendage enhancers» rather than «limb enhancers,» and snakes may have retained these noncoding DNA elements due to their role in phallus development.

Not exact matches

Sebat says the large noncoding portion of our DNA — often previously referred to as «junk DNA» — has so far been ignored in autism research.

Assessing the influence of individual DNA base changes is particularly difficult in noncoding regions, so they instead identified bigger alterations, so - called structural variants, in which large sequences of DNA are inverted, duplicated, or deleted.

Once dismissed as «junk DNA,» researchers have found that some of these so - called noncoding regions are shared among mammals, suggesting they play an important function.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which contains more than 200 nucleotides, are thought to play a role in autoimmune diseases and cancers by interacting with other RNA, DNA, and proteins.

«People used to call the noncoding regions junk DNA, but I see it as a jungle that has not been explored,» said Christopher Gregg, Ph.D., assistant professor in Neurobiology and Anatomy at U of U Health.

To their surprise and dismay, the genome turned out to contain long stretches of noncoding and repetitive DNA, which made it difficult to piece together the short reads produced by the sequencing machine.

That DNA includes slightly less than 21,000 protein - coding genes (some researchers once estimated we had more than 100,000 such genes); «genes» for 8800 small RNA molecules and 9600 long noncoding RNA molecules, each of which is at least 200 bases long; and 11,224 stretches of DNA that are classified as pseudogenes, «dead» genes now known to really be active in some cell types or individuals.

One way to control expression, he explains, is through microRNA, small pieces of noncoding genetic material that control whether a gene's protein is generated from the DNA blueprints inside cell nuclei.

The patterns of a type of molecule that influences epigenetic inheritance, called small noncoding RNA, differed between the two groups, as did methylation patterns in the sperm DNA in the two groups, the team reports today in Cell Metabolism.

To provide a molecular basis for understanding N - CAM function, the complete amino acid sequences of the three major polypeptides of N - CAM and most of the noncoding sequences of their messenger RNA's were determined from the analysis of complementary DNA clones and were verified by amino acid sequences of selected CNBr fragments and proteolytic fragments.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which contains more than 200 nucleotides, is thought to play a role in autoimmune diseases and cancers by interacting with other RNA, DNA, and proteins.

In particular, our research focuses on developmental origins of health and disease with an emphasis on environmental exposures and epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and noncoding RNA).

Filed Under: Cancer Genomics, Uncategorized Tagged With: cancer, DNA, genetics, genome, genomics, noncoding, research, selection, sequencing, snps, splicing, TCGA

Throughout the 2000s, Wistar scientists made seminal discoveries in the field of epigenetics and RNA transcription, contributing new knowledge on the role of histone modifications in gene regulation and DNA repair and how different RNA species, including microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), are generated and how they regulate gene transcription.