Sentences with word «nonradiative»

Further work is needed to quantify links of regional nonradiative forcing to regional and global climate response

Another consideration in devising metrics for nonradiative forcings is enabling direct comparison with radiative forcings, computed in units of watts per square meter.

There are no widely accepted metrics for quantifying regional nonradiative forcing.

The atmosphere and oceans, through their general circulation, act as vast heat engines, compensating for this imbalance by providing nonradiative mechanisms for the transfer of heat from the Equator to the poles.

Their most significant errors include trying to apply the Clausius statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to only one side of a heat transfer process rather than the entire process, and systematically ignoring most nonradiative heat flows applicable to the Earth's surface and atmosphere.

A balance is established through nonradiative processes, namely conduction and convection, that heat the atmosphere.

These findings suggest a means to engineer valley polarization via controlled introduction of defects and nonradiative recombination sites

Other groups looking at the problem had focused more on blocking the phosphors» nonradiative decays.

No metrics for quantifying such nonradiative forcings have been accepted.

While the radiation budget may dominate the average energy budget of many surfaces, nonradiative energy transfer and storage also are generally important when local changes are considered.

Another important nonradiative mechanism is the exchange of heat that occurs when the temperature of the air is different from that of the surface.

These modifications to the climate system fall under the broader umbrella of climate forcings, which include radiative and nonradiative fluxes.

Several nonradiative forcings involve the biological components of the climate system.

It needs to be expanded to account for the vertical and regional structure of radiative forcing and also for nonradiative climate forcings.

Some forcings affect the climate system in nonradiative ways, in particular by modifying the hydrological cycle or vegetation dynamics.

Nonradiative heat transfer again compensates for the imbalance, this time largely by vertical atmospheric motions involving the evaporation and condensation of water.

Some types of nonradiative forcing are not easily quantified in watts per square meter, thus it is not clear how to compare them to radiative forcing

As is the case for regional radiative forcing, further work is needed to quantify links between regional nonradiative forcing and climate response.

Nonetheless, the limitations call for broadening the concept to account for nonradiative forcing, spatial and temporal heterogeneity of forcing, and nonlinearities.

Nonradiative forcings generally have significant regional variation, making it important that any new metrics be able to characterize the regional structure in forcing and climate response — whether the response occurs in the region, in a distant region through teleconnections, or globally.

These nonradiative forcings generally have radiative impacts, but describing them only in terms of this radiative impact does not convey fully their influence on climate variables of societal relevance.

Furthermore, quantifying nonradiative forcings in

However, not all nonradiative forcings are easily quantified in these units.

Nonradiative forcing alters radiative forcing and thus provides a more complete characterization of radi

Does not fully characterize the climate impact of nonradiative forcing, the indirect aerosol effect (other than the first), and the semidirect aerosol effect

Indeed, because nonradiative forcings affect multiple climate variables, there is no single metric that can be applied to characterize all nonradiative forcings (Marland et al., 2003; Kabat et al., 2004).