These factors were moderately heritable and influenced by significant common genetic and
nonshared environmental influences.
Genetic and
nonshared environmental influences shared in common with neuroticism influenced the covariation among distinct internalizing disorders, the covariation among distinct externalizing disorders, and the covariation between internalizing and externalizing disorders.
The nonshared environmental influences were best modeled by a Cholesky decomposition for internalizing behavior, whereas a time - specific influence of the nonshared environment was included in the final model of externalizing behavior.
Shared environmental factors were generally not influential, and
nonshared environmental effects were stronger for males than for females for inattention / impulsivity These results suggest that impulsivity and inattention during this period of childhood are (1) clearly related to concurrent aggressive / defiant symptoms; (2) multidimensional, with influences of method of assessment on outcome; and (3) highly heritable, with possible gender differences in the strength of genetic effects.
Importance of
nonshared environmental factors for childhood and adolescent psychopathology
Using MZ differences in the search for
nonshared environmental effects.
The genetic correlation between WSCB and BE was estimated at 0.64;
the nonshared environmental correlation was estimated at 0.27.
The study confirmed the finding that the environment not shared by siblings was by far the largest (in many cases, the sole) nongenetic contributor to the adolescents» behavior and adjustment, but it eliminated all of the following as possible sources of
nonshared environmental influence: «differential marital conflict about the adolescent versus the sib, differential parenting toward siblings, and asymmetrical relationships the sibs construct with each other» (Reiss, 2000, p. 407).
These differences must then be explained entirely by
nonshared environmental effects.
In search of shared and
nonshared environmental factors in security of attachment: A behavior — genetic study of the association between sensitivity and attachment security
The causes of incomplete concordance between MZ twins are traditionally explained by
nonshared environmental factors.
Not exact matches
There are two kinds of
environmental effects: shared experiences and
nonshared experiences.
To avoid over - or underestimating the importance of each biometric latent factor, we restricted latent genetic (A), shared (C) and
nonshared (E)
environmental factors to 0 only when their factor loadings were estimated to be close to zero and not based on likelihood ratio tests as is common practice in the behavior genetics literature.
The theme of the target article is that
environmental differences between children in the same family (called «
nonshared environment») represent the major source of
environmental variance for personality, psychopathology, and cognitive abilities.
Although it has been thought that cognitive abilities represent an exception to this rule, recent data suggest that
environmental variance that affects IQ is also of the
nonshared variety after adolescence.